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- How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates
How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates
Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on January 3, 2023.
A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.
The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:
Introduction
Literature review.
- Research design
Reference list
While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.
Table of contents
Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, frequently asked questions about research proposals.
Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .
In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.
Research proposal length
The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.
One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.
Download our research proposal template
Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.
- Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
- Example research proposal #2: “Making Healthy Connections: Mentoring, Monitoring and Measurement”
- Example research proposal #3: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”
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See an example
Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
- The proposed title of your project
- Your supervisor’s name
- Your institution and department
The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.
Your introduction should:
- Introduce your topic
- Give necessary background and context
- Outline your problem statement and research questions
To guide your introduction , include information about:
- Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
- How much is already known about the topic
- What is missing from this current knowledge
- What new insights your research will contribute
- Why you believe this research is worth doing
As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.
In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:
- Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
- Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
- Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship
Following the literature review, restate your main objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.
To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.
For example, your results might have implications for:
- Improving best practices
- Informing policymaking decisions
- Strengthening a theory or model
- Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
- Creating a basis for future research
Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .
Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.
Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.
Download our research schedule template
If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.
Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:
- Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
- Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
- Source : how did you calculate the amount?
To determine your budget, think about:
- Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
- Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
- Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.
Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.
A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.
A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.
A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.
All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.
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McCombes, S. & George, T. (2023, January 03). How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved February 28, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-proposal/
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Nigeria Research Proposals Samples For Students
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Free The Patterns Of Foreign Direct Investments In Telecommunication Companies In Nigeria Research Proposal Sample
Introduction, this literature review is shall present studies that cover the following topics research proposal sample, problem of study research proposal sample, information technology on international banking performance.
THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON INTERATIONAL BANKING PERFORMANCE: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA, UNITED KINGDOM AND BRAZIL BANKING INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
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Using A Sociodemographic Approach To Examine The Community Health Services And HIV/AIDS Awareness In Two Communities In Southeastern Nigeria Research Proposal
Free education establishment - course research proposal sample, indigenous rights in africa: theory and application, good sleep out for the homeless lagos nigeria research proposal example, research proposal on global crimes analysis, major global crimes and criminal issue affecting international justice systems.
The rise and growth of global crimes is dated back, after the cold war, where people adopted a capitalism and individualism way of conducting their operations. They include, money laundering, drug trafficking, arms smuggling, extortion, fraud schemes, human tracking bribery among others. These crimes have hit highest levels because of the post-cold war effects, which criminal have capitalized; lessened political and economic barriers. In addition, the advancement in new technology has also played a vital role in enhancing their criminal activities.
Example Of Research Method Research Proposal
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Final Year Project Proposal Format (+PDF Sample, Free Download)
- January 8, 2022 January 23, 2023
- 10 Comments
- Project materials
Free project proposal template: In this post is a sample project proposal for final year undergraduate students. This will give you a solid idea of the elements of a project proposal and the essential information contained in them.
One thing you have to note is that format for a project proposal can sometimes vary depending on what your supervisor, department or school prefer. For example, this sample project proposal is derived from a format used at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). So check if there is any specific format recommended by your school, else you can derive from this example.
Sample project proposal for undergraduate/final year students
CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF A PELTON WHEEL TURBINE FOR SMALL-SCALE HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
AHMED, TUNDE EMEKA [REG. NUMBER]
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA
There is a need to develop mechanical systems applicable for converting the small hydro potentials that exist in Nigeria to small-scale hydroelectricity.
Inspired by the need for Nigeria to explore energy sources that are more environmentally friendly than fossil fuel, suitable for industrial applications, and yet economical, this project work is on constructing a Pelton turbine suitable for small-scale hydroelectricity generation.
The method of getting this work done involves studying and analyzing the design of already existing Pelton turbines and then constructing such a turbine from locally available materials.
Although the scope of this work doesn’t go beyond the construction of a Pelton turbine, a number of other systems that will help in demonstrating the end result will be incorporated into the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Approval Abstract
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
- Statement of the problem
- Purpose of the study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
- Review of Pelton turbine design
- Justification of the study
Chapter Three: Methodology
- Pelton wheel design
- Choice of Materials
- Cost analysis
Introduction
Over the years, much effort has been put into developing alternative energy sources free from the negative consequences of fossil fuels. Hydroelectricity has remained the top alternative to fossil fuel because of its numerous advantages.
In many countries, including China, India, and Brazil, attention has been paid not only to large-scale hydropower plants but also to small-scale hydroelectricity. But in Nigeria, it is not so. Small-scale hydro has not been given much attention in the country, and there is a need to have locally manufactured systems that will help the country utilize the hydro potentials that exist.
1.1 Background of Study
In 1866, Samuel Knight develops a bucketed wheel that captures the energy of a free jet, which has converted a high head of water to kinetic energy. Knight’s invention was inspired by the high-pressure jet systems used in hydraulic mining in the gold fields.
Lester Allan Pelton in 1879 develops a double bucket design, exhausting the water to the side, eliminating some energy loss of the Knight wheel which exhausted some water back against the center of the wheel. This Pelton’s invention, today is known as the Pelton wheel or Pelton turbine, marked the first time energy from water is converted in the most efficient manner.
Inspired by the invention of the earlier water wheels, the Pelton turbine is being used in engineering applications today, especially in hydroelectric systems where it is used to convert water energy into mechanical energy.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Fossil fuel has been associated with a lot more negative environmental implications than hydroelectricity and other energy renewable energy sources. The negative impacts of fossil fuel for power generation include the increase of greenhouse effect, health implications, global warming, climate change, acidic pollution, oil spills, rise in sea levels, and a shift in the ecological balance and land impacts.
Nigeria is a tropical region country that experiences a long rainy season every year. The rainfall water can be channelled to drive a turbine to produce small-scale electricity. There are also various streams and rivers in the country with small-scale hydro potential. But these sources have gotten little or no attention in the country. Therefore, the need arises to construct turbines that can be used to utilize the small-scale hydro potential in Nigeria to produce more economically and environmentally friendly energy.
1.3 Purpose of study
The aim of this project work is to construct a Pelton turbine suitable for small-scale hydroelectricity generation.
This aim will be achieved through the following objectives:
- studying the design of already existing Pelton turbines
- constructing a Pelton turbine using locally available materials
This work will not go into the complexity of modelling or constructing a complete hydroelectric power plant. Instead, this work will focus on the construction of a Pelton turbine for small scale hydro. Other necessary components that will be used to demonstrate the working of the turbine, examples are the water source, alternator, and other electrical components, are not the mainstay of this work.
Chapter Two
Literature review, 2.1 review of pelton turbine design.
Several works have been done and several studies carried out on Pelton turbines, using both analytical and numerical methods. Most of the advanced studies focused on determining and predicting the performances of the machine. Others have studied the service life, rupture threshold of the machine due to fatigue or corrosion. A number of past studies have tried to improve the design and construction of a Pelton turbine.
- Alexandre PERRIG (2007) work tries to fully understand the physical phenomena involved in the Pelton turbine bucket flow.
- Binaya K.C. and Bhola Thapa (2009) carried out a study mainly focused on finding the pressure distribution inside the Pelton bucket.
- Bryan Patrick Ho-Yan’s (2012) Design of a Low Head Pico Hydro Turbine for Rural Electrification in Cameroon considered, among other things, the general principles and the system components for Pico Hydro.
2.2 Justification of the study
This work is mainly due to the perceived need for Nigeria to adopt, in a much larger number, small scale hydroelectric generation. The need for this country to do so include, but is not limited to the following reasons summarized below:
- Low power costs: since small-scale hydro plants don’t require any form of fuel to run. In addition to this, it doesn’t require much resources or money to construct micro or Pico hydroelectric plants.
- Reduced CO2 emissions.
- Suitability for industrial applications.
Chapter three
Methodology.
In accomplishing this project work, the following methods will be used:
Design : an important and initial part of this work will be the studying of already existing designs of the Pelton turbine so as to be able to construct a high enough Pelton turbine for this project work.
Construction : construction of the turbines will be done with locally available materials. This will involve making a pattern and using a casting process to make construct the buckets, and then sourcing locally available materials for other components of the turbine system.
3.1 Pelton wheel design
The figure below shows the typical geometry of a Pelton type turbine.
The turbine will consist of buckets mounted on a flange. The buckets will be fastened on the flange with a pin. The flange will be mounted on a wheel necessitating the transfer of energy from water to the shaft horsepower.
Water emanating from a nozzle will be used to drive the runner, and the energy extracted from the water will be converted into mechanical energy. The shaft power will be used to drive an alternator to produce electricity.
3.2 Choice of Materials
In constructing the Pelton turbine buckets a heavy metal that will increase the torque obtainable, will be sought. But in the event whereby finding and using such materials for casting the buckets becomes too difficult, an aluminium or plastic or any other available and suitable material will be used in the casting work.
The flange, where the buckets will be mounted will be fabricated from mild steel for easier machinability. The shaft will also be made of mild steel.
3.3 Cost analysis
The major cost that will be incurred from this project work will come from constructing the buckets for the Pelton wheel. The reason for this is that such parts are not manufactured in the country, and finding a workshop with a good level of expertise where such a furnace for casting work is available won’t be easy.
Another component that will add significantly to the cost will be a pump, piping, and nozzles that are necessary for demonstrating the working of the turbine. Having considered these and other components that will be needed in this work, the estimated cost for this work is as summarized below:
- Alexandre PERRIG. (2007) Hydrodynamics of the free surface flow in Pelton turbine buckets . Lausanne, EPFL
- Binaya K.C., and Bhola Thapa. (2009). Pressure distribution at inner surface of selected pelton bucket for micro hydro . Kathmandu university journal of science, engineering and technology. vol. 5, no. Ii, September, pp 42-50.
- Bryan Patrick Ho-Yan. (2012). Design of a Low Head Pico Hydro Turbine for Rural Electrification in Cameroon . Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
- Anonymous (2016). “Hydroelectricity.” Wikipedia [online]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity. Accessed [full date].
Download sample project proposal PDF
Note: To see the formatting and proper arrangement of this example, I advise that you download a project proposal PDF . Also, there are images in the PDF document which I did not include in this sample.
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10 thoughts on “Final Year Project Proposal Format (+PDF Sample, Free Download)”
The password to the doc??
Hi Jonathan, I don’t think you need any password to the document. Click the link and download the document to your phone.
You can read and access it on your phone anytime. I hope this helps.
Perfect 👍 just what I needed Thank you for the step by step analysis
Thanks a million. Interestingly a good guide rarely stumbled upon online.
Thanks a lot, the template was a life saver.
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Sample Research Proposal -University of Nigeria
PROPOSALS ON SELECTED TOPICS FOR RESEARCH GROUP
- The Future of the Nigerian Economy in the Face of Rapid Growth in Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
The major challenge facing businesses today is no longer establishing new ones but surviving in the face of stiff competition. Very vital to business operations is the speed at which information flows from one end to another within the business sphere. Internal and external stakeholders must maintain contact among themselves for continuity in business to be ensued. Information and communications Technology (ICT) therefore, can be said to be the main driver of every business economy. Many businesses have failed because of insufficient flow of information between customers and organizations. Several enterprises operate in isolation without a proper link between them and their stakeholders. The typical Nigerian business does not maintain a database where customers’ profile can be adequately kept, updated when necessary , and customer relationship maintained. Yet, these activities are a common practice in developed countries which accounts for the reason why they are ahead of Nigerian businesses in so many ways.
It is very obvious that although Nigeria is improving technologically, yet, the rate of growth in advancement is still very low. This study sparks up a concern to business experts as to what the future of the Nigerian business economy holds in the face of rapid advancement in ICT, considering the fact that other foreign counterparts are adapting faster than we are doing at the moment. Does the future hold positive results for us, or do we see Nigerian businesses failing more as a result of its inability to keep up with the fast pace at which ICT is advancing in the world today?
- Implementing the Cashless Policy through Integrated Marketing Communications in Nigeria
Policy implementation has been the bane to Nigeria’s development in so many circumstances. Over the years, it has been discovered that government and business leaders initiate policies sound enough to make the country experience a remarkable leap from the level of underdeveloped/developing to that of a developed country. However, hardly had most policies been initiated than they had failed as a result of poor implementation. One thing that most policy makers have failed to realize is that executing a policy is highly dependent on the extent to which the people concerned are carried along. Sometimes, people do not really understand why they should accept a particular transformation or why they should be a part of an economic change. This is simply because the policy makers have undermined the importance of Marketing Communications. Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) which involves the design and dissemination of messages to the same audience through different means, without any form of distortion would go a long way to emphasise why a particular economic change is necessary. And since the messages are targeted at them consistently in ways that appeal to them, it generates a favourable response towards such policy.
The issue of executing the cashless policy has been on the minds of Nigerian economists for quite some time. Why is that some people have not heard about it at all for the first time? Some who have heard of it do not really know what it is all about, while others who have some knowledge about it keep receiving distorted messages about the concept from different groups at different times, thereby weakening the impact. This study aims at presenting how adopting Integrated Marketing Communications (IMCs) can help in reaching out to the public thus, implementing the cashless policy on the Nigerian business economy.
PROPOSALS ON SELECTED TOPICS FOR OUR RESEARCH GROUP
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Items in proposals listing | final year research project topics & materials in pdf & doc | iproject, 1. the relationship between unemployment and rape in nigeria, » abstract this study was carried out on the relationship between unemployment and rape in nigeria. to achieve this 3 research questions were formulated. the survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. the population size comprise of selected residents of the uyo capital city. in determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 26... continue reading ».
Item Type: Proposal | 54 pages | 3,736 engagements |
2. THE APPLICATION OF JOB EVALUATION IN NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC
» research proposal this research work will review the application of job evaluation in nigeria company plc using the 9th mile plant as a case study. however, the application of job evaluation is not new in the organizational structure of nigeria. it started as complain by employees that the relative worth of job are not usually determined more often than not by a host extraneous and sometime... continue reading ».
Item Type: Proposal | 65 pages | 15,665 engagements |
3. THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN NIGERIA
» abstract this work draws attention to the role rural banking can play in nigeria development. this is because rural banking, will immensely increase the degree of monestisation of economy, making available for rural dwellers, greater opportunities for savings, credit investment and enhance the effectiveness on monetary policies in the achievement of desired national macro " economic objec... continue reading ».
Item Type: Proposal | 65 pages | 12,923 engagements |
4. BANKING FAILURES IN NIGERIA: CAUSES, IMPLICATIONS AND REMEDIES
» proposal it is now generally reconvicted and accepted that banks play a catalytic role in the process of economic growth and development. in any society they are the engine of economic stimulation and growth. thus, when there is bank failure in any economy, and economy become adversely affected. in this regard, the research carried out on this project work is bank failures in nigeria; causes continue reading ».
Item Type: Proposal | 65 pages | 10,797 engagements |
5. THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL LEVERAGE ON COMPANY PERFORMANCE
» proposal the project topic " effect of financial leverage on company performance", has to do with the use of external finds (dept and equity) in generating profit for their firm company which its primary aim is maximization of shareholder welfare, wealth and also profit. i shall make use of primary data, a questionnaires which will be drafted (to be presented for onward approval) and intervie... continue reading ».
Item Type: Proposal | 65 pages | 11,391 engagements |
6. THE IMPLICATION OF COMMON CURRENCY FOR WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES
» proposal this project research is primarily aimed at dealing with the implications of a common currency for west african countries. as the world is geared towards globalization, west african countries deemed it very imperative to adopt the use of common currency in the sub region just like their european or francophone counterparts. the central focus of this research is to know t... continue reading ».
Item Type: Proposal | 65 pages | 10,482 engagements |
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26+ SAMPLE University Research Proposal in PDF | MS Word
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1. identify a research topic and perform literature reviews., 2. identify literature gaps and defining the purpose of the study, 3. construct the study’s introduction, hypothesis, and research questions, 4. outline the methods of investigation and the research design, 5. the sample size and characteristics should be specified, 6. outline the procedures for collecting and analyzing data, share this post on your network, you may also like these articles, 12+ sample e-commerce proposal in pdf | ms word | google docs | apple pages.
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Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”. Example research proposal #2: “Making Healthy Connections: Mentoring, Monitoring and Measurement”. Example research proposal #3: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”.
This Research Project Manual and Format of Writing and Presenting a Research Report , which is presented in a simplified and well-illustrated manner, is meant to guide students and their supervisors on the acceptable standards expected of them in conducting a
A PROPOSAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND SUGARCANE TRASH IN NIGERIA Authors: Edem Utibe Akpolu Betty Agbeifa Abstract A proposal for bioethanol production from...
Nigeria Research Proposals Samples For Students 8 samples of this type Regardless of how high you rate your writing skills, it's always an appropriate idea to check out an expertly written Research Proposal example, especially when you're handling a sophisticated Nigeria topic.
Sample project proposal for undergraduate/final year students CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF A PELTON WHEEL TURBINE FOR SMALL-SCALE HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION BY AHMED, TUNDE EMEKA [REG. NUMBER] DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA [YEAR] ABSTRACT
PROPOSALS ON SELECTED TOPICS FOR OUR RESEARCH GROUP The Future of the Nigerian Economy in the Face of Rapid Growth in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Implementing the Cashless Policy through Integrated Marketing Communications in Nigeria Exploring Tourism Opportunities and Potentials for Nigerian Economic Growth Internal Control …
» RESEARCH PROPOSAL This research work will review the application of job evaluation in Nigeria Company PLC using the 9th mile plant as a case study. However, the application of job evaluation is not new in the organizational structure of Nigeria.
The research proposal is organized around the student’s or student’s chosen research topic, which serves as the foundation for the remainder of the content. Professors or advisers assign research subjects. After picking a topic, the researchers do a literature search on the issue.
They are as follows: nursing research proposal, employment contract, quantitative research proposal, labor contract, position agreement, staffing agreement, employer agreement, data sharing agreement, permanent employment contract, tenancy contract, action research proposal, and other similar templates are available. This post will not only ...