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How to Create an Effective Thesis Statement in 5 Easy Steps

Creating a thesis statement can be a daunting task. It’s one of the most important sentences in your paper, and it needs to be done right. But don’t worry — with these five easy steps, you’ll be able to create an effective thesis statement in no time.

Step 1: Brainstorm Ideas

The first step is to brainstorm ideas for your paper. Think about what you want to say and write down any ideas that come to mind. This will help you narrow down your focus and make it easier to create your thesis statement.

Step 2: Research Your Topic

Once you have some ideas, it’s time to do some research on your topic. Look for sources that support your ideas and provide evidence for the points you want to make. This will help you refine your argument and make it more convincing.

Step 3: Formulate Your Argument

Now that you have done some research, it’s time to formulate your argument. Take the points you want to make and put them into one or two sentences that clearly state what your paper is about. This will be the basis of your thesis statement.

Step 4: Refine Your Thesis Statement

Once you have formulated your argument, it’s time to refine your thesis statement. Make sure that it is clear, concise, and specific. It should also be arguable so that readers can disagree with it if they choose.

Step 5: Test Your Thesis Statement

The last step is to test your thesis statement. Does it accurately reflect the points you want to make? Is it clear and concise? Does it make an arguable point? If not, go back and refine it until it meets all of these criteria.

Creating an effective thesis statement doesn’t have to be a daunting task. With these five easy steps, you can create a strong thesis statement in no time at all.

This text was generated using a large language model, and select text has been reviewed and moderated for purposes such as readability.

MORE FROM ASK.COM

thesis guidelines uoa

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  • Ngā tauira | Students
  • Academic information
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  • You are currently on: Theses

Intention to submit

All candidates should notify the School of Graduate Studies of their proposed submission date three months in advance . Candidates using Wahapū do this using the Examinations > Intention to submit function. Candidates not using Wahapū do this manually by email.

Current policy, procedures and documentation

Doctoral theses.

Doctoral Thesis Policy and Procedures Policy and procedure relating to doctoral theses, including length, formatting and including publications. This document is relevant to all PhD candidates, including those on earlier statutes. Those on earlier statutes should refer to this guide in replacement of the Guide to Theses and Dissertations.

Doctoral Thesis Submission Pre-Examination Procedures Procedures relating to doctoral theses pre-submission

Doctoral Thesis Submission Post-Examination Procedures Procedures relating to doctoral theses post-submission

Third party editing and proofreading

Third Party Editing and Proofreading of Theses and Dissertations Guidelines Clarifies the contribution permitted by third parties, including professional editors.

You can find information about proofreading and the School of Graduate Studies' updated List of Approved Proofreaders, here: Approved Proofreaders

2016 PhD Statute and older policy, procedure and documentation

Postgraduate Students Thesis Embargo Guidelines Clarifies the terms under which you may request an embargo be placed on public access to your thesis.

Including publications

Doctoral Candidates – Including Publications in a Thesis Policy and Procedures Requirements that must be met by doctoral candidates who wish to include publication/s in their theses.

Doctoral Candidates – Including Publications in a Thesis Guidelines Supplementary information for doctoral candidates who wish to include publication/s in their theses.

Related links

  • Approved proofreaders
  • Third Party Copyright Guidelines
  • Working with your supervisors

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<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong><br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

<strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong><br />

This document is a general guide <strong>to</strong> the<br />

presentation <strong>and</strong> submission <strong>of</strong> theses<br />

<strong>and</strong> dissertations <strong>and</strong> contains additional<br />

information about related policies <strong>and</strong><br />

procedures. It should be read alongside<br />

the relevant regulations the thesis or<br />

dissertation c<strong>and</strong>idate is registered under<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Calendar.<br />

<strong>The</strong> online version <strong>of</strong> the Calendar<br />

(www.calendar.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz) remains<br />

the definitive source <strong>of</strong> information. In the<br />

event <strong>of</strong> any conflict between the relevant<br />

regulations <strong>and</strong> this guide, the regulations<br />

outlined in the online version <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Calendar will prevail.<br />

Enquiries:<br />

School <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies<br />

ClockTower — East Wing<br />

22 Princes Street, Auckl<strong>and</strong><br />

Phone: +64 9 373 7599 ext 81321<br />

Fax: +64 9 373 7610 / ext 84310 (internal)<br />

Email: postgraduate@auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

Website: www.postgrad.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> | 1

2<br />

Contents<br />

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................4<br />

2 Where can I get help? ....................................................................................................................5<br />

2.1 Your Supervisor ............................................................................................................................................... 5<br />

2.2 Departmental Graduate Adviser ................................................................................................................ 5<br />

2.3 School <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies .......................................................................................................................... 5<br />

2.4 <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> Library ................................................................................................................................... 5<br />

2.5 ResearchSpace ................................................................................................................................................ 5<br />

2.6 <strong>The</strong> Centre for Academic Development - Tā te Ākonga (Student Learning) ....................................... 6<br />

2.7 Computing Services ....................................................................................................................................... 6<br />

3 Integrity in Research ......................................................................................................................7<br />

3.1 Applying for Ethics Approvals ...................................................................................................................... 7<br />

3.2 Avoiding Plagiarism ....................................................................................................................................... 7<br />

3.3 Turnitin .............................................................................................................................................................. 7<br />

3.4 Using copyright material other than your own ........................................................................................ 8<br />

a Copyright has expired ............................................................................................................................. 9<br />

b Copying under licence ...........................................................................................................................10<br />

c Fair dealing for criticism <strong>and</strong> review ..................................................................................................10<br />

d No copyright ........................................................................................................................................... 11<br />

e Copying permitted ................................................................................................................................. 11<br />

3.5 Collaboration ................................................................................................................................................ 11<br />

3.6 Commissioning ............................................................................................................................................. 12<br />

3.7 Joint ownership ............................................................................................................................................. 12<br />

3.8 Obtaining permission .................................................................................................................................. 13<br />

3.9 Third party editing ....................................................................................................................................... 15<br />

4 Style <strong>and</strong> Format ..........................................................................................................................16<br />

4.1 Backing up your work .................................................................................................................................. 16<br />

4.2 Pro<strong>of</strong>reading .................................................................................................................................................. 16<br />

4.3 Language ....................................................................................................................................................... 16<br />

4.4 Word length ................................................................................................................................................... 16<br />

4.5 Page size......................................................................................................................................................... 17<br />

4.6 Margins .......................................................................................................................................................... 17<br />

4.7 Typeface ......................................................................................................................................................... 17<br />

4.8 Paragraphing <strong>and</strong> line spacing .................................................................................................................. 17<br />

4.9 Quotations ..................................................................................................................................................... 18<br />

4.10 Footnotes ........................................................................................................................................................ 18<br />

4.11 Page order <strong>and</strong> pagination......................................................................................................................... 18<br />

4.12 Elements <strong>of</strong> a thesis or dissertation .......................................................................................................... 19<br />

a Library <strong>The</strong>sis Consent Form ...............................................................................................................22<br />

b Title page .................................................................................................................................................22<br />

c Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................22<br />

d Dedication ...............................................................................................................................................22<br />

e Preface <strong>and</strong>/or acknowledgments ......................................................................................................22<br />

f Table <strong>of</strong> contents ....................................................................................................................................22<br />

g Lists <strong>of</strong> tables, figures, etc ....................................................................................................................23<br />

| <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

h Glossary ...................................................................................................................................................23<br />

i Co-Authorship/Co-Production Forms ..................................................................................................23<br />

j Main text <strong>of</strong> thesis or dissertation ......................................................................................................23<br />

k Appendices .............................................................................................................................................. 24<br />

l Bibliography/list <strong>of</strong> references ............................................................................................................. 24<br />

5 Binding ..........................................................................................................................................25<br />

5.1 Paper ...............................................................................................................................................................25<br />

5.2 Images ............................................................................................................................................................25<br />

5.3 Folded Maps or Charts ...............................................................................................................................25<br />

5.4 Additional Material ......................................................................................................................................25<br />

5.5 General Binding Requirements ..................................................................................................................25<br />

5.6 Binding a Masters <strong>The</strong>sis ............................................................................................................................26<br />

5.7 Binding a Doc<strong>to</strong>ral <strong>The</strong>sis ...........................................................................................................................26<br />

a Initial submission ....................................................................................................................................26<br />

b Final submission .....................................................................................................................................26<br />

5.8 Binding <strong>Dissertations</strong>, Research Portfolios, etc ...................................................................................... 27<br />

6 Digital copies <strong>and</strong> ResearchSpace .............................................................................................28<br />

7 Submission ....................................................................................................................................29<br />

7.1 Masters <strong>The</strong>sis or Research Portfolio .......................................................................................................29<br />

a Deadlines for submission <strong>of</strong> a masters thesis or research portfolio ............................................29<br />

b Submitting a masters thesis .................................................................................................................29<br />

c Submitting a research portfolio or dissertation ...............................................................................29<br />

7.2 Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Philosophy <strong>and</strong> Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Education ......................................................................................29<br />

a Make an appointment...........................................................................................................................30<br />

b Copies for examination .........................................................................................................................30<br />

c Statu<strong>to</strong>ry declaration as <strong>to</strong> originality ...............................................................................................30<br />

d Hardbound copies..................................................................................................................................30<br />

e Deposit <strong>of</strong> digital copy .......................................................................................................................... 31<br />

7.3 Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Clinical Psychology ..................................................................................................................... 31<br />

7.4 Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Fine Arts, Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Music <strong>and</strong> Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Musical Arts ..................................................... 31<br />

7.5 Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Medicine ...................................................................................................................................... 31<br />

7.6 Higher Degrees ............................................................................................................................................32<br />

8 Library Matters .............................................................................................................................33<br />

8.1 Deposit <strong>of</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> in the Library ................................................................................................................33<br />

8.2 Author’s Rights .............................................................................................................................................33<br />

a Reproduction ...........................................................................................................................................33<br />

b Copyright .................................................................................................................................................33<br />

c Restrictions on access (embargoes) ....................................................................................................33<br />

8.3 Failed Works ..................................................................................................................................................33<br />

9 Selected Bibliography ..................................................................................................................34<br />

10 Useful Websites ............................................................................................................................35<br />

<strong>The</strong>sis Submission Checklist for Students ........................................................................................36<br />

Checklist for Supervisors/Heads <strong>of</strong> Department ............................................................................37<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> | 3

4<br />

1 Introduction<br />

A thesis or dissertation is the written report <strong>of</strong> a research study undertaken in fulfilment<br />

or partial fulfilment <strong>of</strong> a graduate degree such as a doc<strong>to</strong>rate, masters degree, bachelors<br />

(honours) degree, or a postgraduate diploma. It is an undertaking that allows you <strong>to</strong><br />

explore areas or problems in detail, <strong>and</strong> develop <strong>and</strong> utilise your thinking <strong>and</strong> analytical<br />

skills. Your thesis or dissertation should demonstrate a capacity for independent thinking,<br />

contribute <strong>to</strong> existing scholarship <strong>and</strong> must meet international st<strong>and</strong>ards for such<br />

scholarly research.<br />

Before embarking on your research, you should consult the current <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong><br />

Calendar regulations applicable for your degree, the Academic Statutes <strong>and</strong> Regulations<br />

(which include the General Regulations — Masters Degrees, the General Regulations for<br />

Named Doc<strong>to</strong>rates, <strong>and</strong> the Examination Regulations, as well as the Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Philosophy<br />

<strong>and</strong> Higher Degrees regulations). <strong>The</strong>se are available on <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong><br />

website www.calendar.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz.<br />

Masters students should refer <strong>to</strong> the following publication:<br />

• Masters H<strong>and</strong>book<br />

Doc<strong>to</strong>ral students should refer <strong>to</strong> the following publications:<br />

• Statute <strong>and</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>lines for the Degree <strong>of</strong> Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Philosophy (PhD)<br />

• Doc<strong>to</strong>ral H<strong>and</strong>book<br />

<strong>The</strong>se may all be found at<br />

www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/home/for/current-students/cs-current-pg/cs-current-pg-policies.<br />

All <strong>of</strong> these publications are also available in hard copy from the Graduate Centre. If you<br />

are undertaking a named doc<strong>to</strong>rate, please refer <strong>to</strong> <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Calendar<br />

(www.calendar.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz).<br />

All research students should consult the Student Charter:<br />

(www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/home/for/current-students/cs-academic-information/csregulations-policies-<strong>and</strong>-guidelines/cs-student-charter).<br />

This document represents a philosophical underst<strong>and</strong>ing between the <strong>University</strong> <strong>and</strong> its<br />

students, <strong>and</strong> is aimed at preventing problems before they occur. It provides information<br />

about student rights <strong>and</strong> responsibilities, <strong>and</strong> clarifies the responsibilities <strong>of</strong> the<br />

<strong>University</strong>.<br />

2 Where can I get help?<br />

If you require assistance with the presentation <strong>and</strong> submission <strong>of</strong> your thesis or<br />

dissertation, your supervisors <strong>and</strong> department/faculty are your principal sources <strong>of</strong><br />

support. However, several other service divisions at the <strong>University</strong> are also able <strong>to</strong> assist<br />

you. Sources <strong>of</strong> support are outlined below.<br />

2.1 Your Supervisor<br />

<strong>The</strong> responsibility for the submission <strong>of</strong> your thesis is yours (Senate <strong>Guide</strong>lines on <strong>The</strong>sis Supervision —<br />

www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/cs-pg-doc-theses-dissertations); however, the decision as <strong>to</strong> when it is ready is<br />

crucial, <strong>and</strong> you should seek <strong>and</strong> heed guidance from your supervisor. <strong>The</strong> final stage <strong>of</strong> the thesis is<br />

dem<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> you are likely <strong>to</strong> need supervisory support <strong>and</strong> expertise as you prepare <strong>to</strong> submit.<br />

2.2 Departmental Graduate Adviser<br />

<strong>The</strong> Departmental Graduate Adviser is another expert who may be able <strong>to</strong> give you advice about<br />

departmental or disciplinary requirements for the presentation <strong>of</strong> your thesis or dissertation. Should any<br />

difficulties arise at the completion phase that you cannot resolve with your supervisor, the Departmental<br />

Graduate Adviser is able <strong>to</strong> give advice <strong>and</strong> direction.<br />

2.3 School <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies<br />

<strong>The</strong> School <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies <strong>and</strong> postgraduate student advisers are located at the Graduate Centre.<br />

Staff can advise you on regulations, doc<strong>to</strong>ral/masters administration, examination processes, thesis<br />

submission, dispute <strong>and</strong> appeals procedures, <strong>and</strong> the role <strong>of</strong> the Board <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies.<br />

<strong>The</strong> Graduate Centre is located in the East Wing <strong>of</strong> the ClockTower, 22 Princes St, City Campus <strong>and</strong> is<br />

open from 8.30am <strong>to</strong> 5pm each weekday. Telephone 373 7599 ext 81321, email postgraduate@<br />

auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz, or alternatively visit the website (www.postgrad.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz).<br />

2.4 <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> Library<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Library provides advice on how <strong>to</strong> find theses (both those from <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> other universities), as well as general information on where <strong>to</strong> get assistance in writing<br />

<strong>and</strong> submitting your thesis. A summary <strong>of</strong> this information can be found on the Library webpage, under<br />

the <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> link at http://www.library.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/thesis/. More information about<br />

library services for postgraduate students can be found in both the Doc<strong>to</strong>ral H<strong>and</strong>book <strong>and</strong> the Masters<br />

H<strong>and</strong>book (www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/home/for/current-students/cs-current-pg/cs-pg-publications).<br />

<strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> must be deposited in the Library on successful completion <strong>of</strong> your examination (see section 8).<br />

2.5 ResearchSpace<br />

ResearchSpace is a digital reposi<strong>to</strong>ry or archive for <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> digital theses <strong>and</strong> research<br />

materials. <strong>The</strong>re are special deposit forms for PhD <strong>and</strong> for masters theses. <strong>The</strong>se are available at<br />

https://deposit.library.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/.<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> | 5

6<br />

2.6 <strong>The</strong> Centre for Academic Development — Tā te Ākonga<br />

(Student Learning)<br />

CAD’s student learning group supports the pr<strong>of</strong>essional <strong>and</strong> academic development <strong>of</strong> students with a<br />

comprehensive range <strong>of</strong> support services <strong>to</strong> postgraduate <strong>and</strong> doc<strong>to</strong>ral students including courses,<br />

workshops, individual consultations, <strong>and</strong> online assistance. <strong>The</strong> student learning group provides courses<br />

<strong>and</strong> workshops throughout the year on most aspects <strong>of</strong> the thesis <strong>and</strong> dissertation writing process,<br />

including research <strong>and</strong> data analysis, showing critical analysis in the literature review, self-management,<br />

computing, <strong>and</strong> presenting at conferences. It provides support for students whose first language is not<br />

English with academic writing.<br />

Details <strong>of</strong> postgraduate courses can be found at www.cad.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/index.php?p=slc or by phoning<br />

373 7599 ext 88850. Individual consultations can also be booked by phoning ext 88850.<br />

Courses specifically for doc<strong>to</strong>ral students can be found on the DSP website at<br />

www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/home/for/current-students/cs-current-pg/cs-dsp. <strong>The</strong> DSP provides a course on<br />

finishing <strong>and</strong> submitting <strong>and</strong> another on the oral examination.<br />

2.7 Computing Services<br />

IT literacy is an essential aspect <strong>of</strong> writing a thesis. <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> provides a range <strong>of</strong> IT<br />

services <strong>to</strong> assist you with your course <strong>of</strong> study. Consult Student IT Essentials on the <strong>University</strong> website for<br />

further information (http://www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/home/for/current-students/cs-student-it-essentials).<br />

Otherwise, you may obtain assistance from the computer support person for your department or<br />

telephone the Information Commons Helpdesk on 373 7599 ext 82300/82333,<br />

email ichelpdesk@auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz.<br />

3 Integrity in Research<br />

3.1 Applying for Ethics Approvals<br />

<strong>Guide</strong>lines can be downloaded from the <strong>University</strong> website (http://www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/re-ethics). If<br />

your thesis research involves human participants or animals in any way, you must obtain ethics approval<br />

from <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Human Participants Committee, the relevant New Zeal<strong>and</strong> Health <strong>and</strong><br />

Disability Ethics Committee, or the Animal Ethics Committees. Discuss with your supervisor the<br />

appropriate way <strong>to</strong> document your ethics approval within your thesis.<br />

3.2 Avoiding Plagiarism<br />

In any thesis, dissertation, report or project, unacknowledged copying or plagiarism is not acceptable<br />

<strong>and</strong> is treated as an examination <strong>of</strong>fence. In the <strong>University</strong> document <strong>Guide</strong>lines: Conduct <strong>of</strong><br />

Coursework (https://policies.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/policies/Policies/policy-display-register/guidelines-for-theconduct-<strong>of</strong>-coursework.pdf)<br />

plagiarism is defined as follows:<br />

Plagiarism means using the work <strong>of</strong> others in preparing an assignment <strong>and</strong> presenting it as<br />

your own without explicitly acknowledging — or referencing — where it came from. Plagiarism<br />

can also mean not acknowledging the full extent <strong>of</strong> indebtedness <strong>to</strong> a source. Work can be<br />

plagiarised from many sources including books, articles, the internet, <strong>and</strong> other students’<br />

assignments. Plagiarism can also occur unconsciously or inadvertently. Direct copying is<br />

definitely plagiarism. Paraphrasing <strong>of</strong> another work without attribution is also plagiarism.<br />

Submitting someone else’s work or ideas without acknowledgement or attribution is not<br />

evidence <strong>of</strong> your own grasp <strong>of</strong> the material <strong>and</strong> cannot earn you marks.<br />

Further information can be found at: www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/teaching-learning/honesty.<br />

In addition, the Doc<strong>to</strong>ral Skills Programme <strong>of</strong>fers a session on Citing <strong>and</strong> Avoiding Plagiarism<br />

(www.library.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/booking/doc<strong>to</strong>ral/index.asp). Students may also wish <strong>to</strong> submit a final<br />

draft <strong>of</strong> their thesis through Turnitin (see next section for further information).<br />

3.3 Turnitin<br />

Turnitin is a web-based originality checking service that is used by many universities worldwide. When<br />

a student’s work is submitted <strong>to</strong> Turnitin it is matched against millions <strong>of</strong> internet pages, electronic<br />

journals, books, <strong>and</strong> a database <strong>of</strong> all previously <strong>and</strong> concurrently submitted assignments. Turnitin then<br />

generates an originality report providing a summary <strong>of</strong> matching or similar text found in the submitted<br />

paper. Turnitin can be used <strong>to</strong> check sources have been correctly acknowledged <strong>and</strong> cited. <strong>The</strong> student<br />

should ensure that, irrespective <strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> the Turnitin originality report, all copyright requirements<br />

as well as the <strong>University</strong>’s st<strong>and</strong>ard on avoiding plagiarism are met.<br />

Masters <strong>and</strong> doc<strong>to</strong>ral students who wish <strong>to</strong> submit a draft <strong>of</strong> their theses through Turnitin can either<br />

arrange this through their supervisor, or contact the Graduate Centre (postgraduate@auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz).<br />

Students who use Turnitin through the Graduate Centre will be sent the required course code <strong>and</strong><br />

password <strong>and</strong> will have full access <strong>to</strong> the originality report for their work. <strong>The</strong> originality report will not<br />

be made available <strong>to</strong> anyone else <strong>and</strong> will not be used for any other purpose. Students may wish <strong>to</strong><br />

discuss the originality report with their supervisor, or refer <strong>to</strong> the Turnitin website for information on<br />

underst<strong>and</strong>ing their originality report.<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> | 7

8<br />

Additional information on Turnitin is available from:<br />

<strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> » Teaching <strong>and</strong> learning » Academic honesty <strong>and</strong> plagiarism » Turnitin for<br />

students. http://www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/teaching-learning/honesty/tl-turnitin-for-students<br />

Turnitin website http://www.turnitin.com » click on Training or Support<br />

3.4 Using copyright material other than your own<br />

While you are permitted under the Copyright Act 1994 <strong>to</strong> copy another person’s copyright work (third<br />

party copyright) <strong>and</strong> include this copy in a live, printed or digital format with your thesis for the purposes<br />

<strong>of</strong> examination, this exception does not apply if you “publish” or “communicate” your thesis <strong>to</strong> the public<br />

by way <strong>of</strong> the internet or live exhibition/performance.<br />

If your thesis is <strong>to</strong> be deposited as a digital copy in<strong>to</strong> ResearchSpace it becomes a “commercial<br />

publication” 1 under section 11 <strong>of</strong> the Copyright Act because it has been posted on the internet <strong>and</strong><br />

made “available <strong>to</strong> the public”.<br />

Prior written permission <strong>to</strong> allow your thesis <strong>to</strong> be made publicly available must be obtained from the<br />

copyright owners (this will include the publisher <strong>of</strong> your own work if you have assigned copyright <strong>to</strong> them<br />

or granted them an exclusive licence <strong>to</strong> publish) where:<br />

• a “whole work” is copied — a poem, diagram, chart, graphic or image is considered <strong>to</strong> be a “whole<br />

work” <strong>and</strong> is not just a part <strong>of</strong> the publication from which it has been taken; or<br />

• a substantial part <strong>of</strong> a work has been copied — a copy <strong>of</strong> a part <strong>of</strong> a work is considered substantial<br />

if it represents the essence or an important or significant part <strong>of</strong> that work; 2 or<br />

• you have collaborated with another person <strong>to</strong> create a copyright work which is jointly owned; or<br />

• where you have permission <strong>to</strong> use a work for one purpose (for example, a performance) <strong>and</strong> you now<br />

wish <strong>to</strong> include a recording <strong>of</strong> that work in your thesis i.e. the permission does not cover the use <strong>of</strong><br />

the work for another purpose.<br />

Note that works on the internet are likewise protected by copyright.<br />

You do not need the permission <strong>of</strong> the third party copyright owner if:<br />

1. copyright has expired — 50 years from the death <strong>of</strong> the author (section 22);<br />

2. the third party work copied or used is not protected by copyright — see the paragraph headed “No<br />

Copyright” below for further details;<br />

3. copying is permitted under the Act — e.g. abstracts <strong>of</strong> scientific <strong>and</strong> technical articles (section 71);<br />

buildings <strong>and</strong> sculptures on public display (section 73); literary or artistic works relating <strong>to</strong> medicines<br />

imported by the Crown (section 76);<br />

1 “Commercial publication” in relation <strong>to</strong> a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work, means the publication <strong>of</strong> the work<br />

consisting <strong>of</strong>…(b) Making the work available <strong>to</strong> the public by means <strong>of</strong> an electronic retrieval system;…(section 11)<br />

2 A substantial part does not necessarily relate <strong>to</strong> the amount copied but rather the quality: Vanilla Ice sampled less than 3<br />

seconds <strong>of</strong> the most identifiable riffs from David Bowie <strong>and</strong> Queen’s song Under Pressure without consent or licence which<br />

apparently resulted in an out <strong>of</strong> court financial settlement, see: http://www.benedict.com/Audio/Vanilla/Vanilla.aspx.<br />

4. use clearly falls under one <strong>of</strong> the fair dealing exceptions in the Act such as fair dealing for the<br />

purpose <strong>of</strong> criticism <strong>and</strong> review (s.42);<br />

5. the author has made the work available under a licence which permits the use you intend <strong>to</strong> make<br />

<strong>of</strong> the work.<br />

Before you rely on any <strong>of</strong> these exceptions <strong>to</strong> copy a work without permission <strong>of</strong> the copyright owner, you<br />

must read a fuller explanation <strong>of</strong> permitted uses <strong>of</strong> the above which is set out below.<br />

Note that where you are copying or using another person’s work you must fully attribute those copyright<br />

works or you will be in breach <strong>of</strong> the original author’s “moral rights” which are protected under the<br />

Copyright Act <strong>and</strong> the <strong>University</strong>’s policies on plagiarism.<br />

a Copyright has expired<br />

Material in which copyright has expired may be copied in full <strong>and</strong> dealt with freely by the public.<br />

Under current New Zeal<strong>and</strong> law, the duration <strong>of</strong> copyright varies depending on the type <strong>of</strong> work<br />

protected. Note that if you intend publishing articles or a book overseas based on your thesis you may<br />

need <strong>to</strong> get permission <strong>to</strong> use work which is in the public domain in New Zeal<strong>and</strong>, as in many other<br />

countries including Australia, the United States <strong>and</strong> Europe, copyright expires 70 years following the<br />

death <strong>of</strong> the author.<br />

<strong>The</strong> duration <strong>of</strong> the term <strong>of</strong> copyright is as follows:<br />

• Literary 3 , dramatic 4 , musical 5 or artistic works 6 remain copyright protected until the end <strong>of</strong> the<br />

period <strong>of</strong> 50 years from the end <strong>of</strong> the calendar year in which the author dies (section 22).<br />

• Sound recordings <strong>and</strong> films remain protected for 50 years from the end <strong>of</strong> the calendar year in<br />

which the film is made or made available <strong>to</strong> the public whichever is later (section 23).<br />

• Communication works 7 remain protected for 50 years from the end <strong>of</strong> the calendar year in which<br />

the work is first communicated <strong>to</strong> the public (section 24).<br />

• Typographical arrangement or copyright in the layout, typically a published book or journal, remains<br />

protected for 25 years from the end <strong>of</strong> the calendar year in which the work was first published. Thus,<br />

new copyright protection attaches <strong>to</strong> each new typographical arrangement <strong>of</strong> a work; so that<br />

material contained within a new typographical arrangement <strong>of</strong> a book is subject <strong>to</strong> the copyright<br />

protection the book enjoys. That work may not be copied or dealt with unless it is done so under a<br />

licence or with the express permission <strong>of</strong> the rights holder, normally the publisher (section 25).<br />

• Works <strong>of</strong> unknown authorship — if it is not possible <strong>to</strong> ascertain the identity <strong>of</strong> the author by<br />

3 “Literary work” means any work, other than a dramatic or musical work, that is written, spoken, or sung; <strong>and</strong> includes (a) a<br />

table or compilation; <strong>and</strong> (b) a computer programme.<br />

4 “Dramatic work” includes (a) a work <strong>of</strong> dance or mime; <strong>and</strong> (b) a scenario or script for a film.<br />

5 “Musical work” means a work consisting <strong>of</strong> music, exclusive <strong>of</strong> any words intended <strong>to</strong> be sung or spoken with the music or<br />

any actions intended <strong>to</strong> be performed with the music.<br />

6 “Artistic work” means (a) (i) graphic work, pho<strong>to</strong>graph, painting, sculpture, collage, or model, irrespective <strong>of</strong> artistic quality;<br />

or (ii) a work <strong>of</strong> architecture, being a building or model for a building; or (iii) a work <strong>of</strong> artistic craftsmanship…<br />

7 “Communication work” means a transmission <strong>of</strong> sounds, visual images, or other information, or a combination <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong><br />

those, for reception by members <strong>of</strong> the public, <strong>and</strong> includes a broadcast or a cable programme.<br />

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easonable enquiry <strong>and</strong> it is reasonable <strong>to</strong> assume that the author has been dead for 50 years <strong>and</strong><br />

copyright has expired, you may freely use the work.<br />

DigitalNZ has created an easy reference guide “Copyright terms <strong>and</strong> the public domain in New<br />

Zeal<strong>and</strong>” for anyone wanting <strong>to</strong> know what was out <strong>of</strong> copyright in New Zeal<strong>and</strong> as <strong>of</strong> 1 January 2011.<br />

<strong>The</strong> guide is available on the DigitalNZ website at:<br />

http://makeit.digitalnz.org/guidelines/enabling-use-reuse/public-domain-guide/<br />

b Copying under licence<br />

Works posted on the internet are protected by copyright. Unless the author has clearly stated that you<br />

are permitted <strong>to</strong> copy the work <strong>and</strong> post it on the internet then you may only copy that work <strong>to</strong> the<br />

extent permitted under the Copyright Act 1994.<br />

<strong>The</strong> author may also make a work available under a licence such as a Creative Commons licence.<br />

Creative Commons licences allow crea<strong>to</strong>rs (licensors) <strong>to</strong> retain copyright while allowing others <strong>to</strong> copy,<br />

distribute, <strong>and</strong> make some uses <strong>of</strong> their work providing they give the licensor credit for their work.<br />

Creative Commons <strong>of</strong>fers 6 main licence types. Providing the licence permits you <strong>to</strong> copy the original<br />

work <strong>and</strong> distribute it online you may include that work in your thesis. More information about creative<br />

commons licences can be found at: http://www.creativecommons.org.nz/licences_explained__1.<br />

c Fair dealing for criticism <strong>and</strong> review<br />

Fair dealing means a use which is reasonable. <strong>The</strong>re is no clear formula for the amount which can be<br />

copied for the purpose <strong>of</strong> criticism <strong>and</strong> review. This will depend on the particular circumstances <strong>of</strong> the<br />

use. <strong>The</strong> courts have held that the following fac<strong>to</strong>rs will determine whether or not a use is fair:<br />

• the number <strong>and</strong> extent <strong>of</strong> quotations <strong>and</strong> extracts from the work copied – <strong>to</strong>o many quotes, <strong>and</strong><br />

quotes which are <strong>to</strong>o long, are unlikely <strong>to</strong> be considered fair;<br />

• whether the proportion <strong>of</strong> the work quoted or the number <strong>of</strong> images copied is more than is necessary<br />

<strong>to</strong> criticise or review the work — long extracts <strong>and</strong> short comments will not be considered fair;<br />

• the degree <strong>to</strong> which the use competes with the work copied, so, for example, if the use would reduce<br />

dem<strong>and</strong> for <strong>and</strong> affect sales <strong>of</strong> the work copied;<br />

• in some instances whole works may be copied — for example if a work <strong>of</strong> art or a short poem was<br />

being criticised or reviewed;<br />

• a court would be less likely <strong>to</strong> consider that copying for criticism or review is “fair” if a work is<br />

unpublished <strong>and</strong> not in the public domain or widely distributed;<br />

• the copying must be for criticism, but need not be <strong>of</strong> the work criticised or reviewed. It may be<br />

permissible <strong>to</strong> copy a work for the purpose <strong>of</strong> illustrating certain points in relation <strong>to</strong> the work being<br />

criticised;<br />

• criticism may extend <strong>to</strong> the ideas underlying the work.<br />

Any works copied under this provision <strong>of</strong> the Act must be accompanied by sufficient acknowledgment. This<br />

means the work must be identified by its title or other description <strong>and</strong> by its author unless the work has<br />

been published anonymously or it is not possible by reasonable enquiry <strong>to</strong> ascertain who the author is.<br />

10 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

d No copyright<br />

Under section 27 <strong>of</strong> the Copyright Act no copyright exists in any <strong>of</strong> the following New Zeal<strong>and</strong> works<br />

which may be copied freely:<br />

• Bills <strong>and</strong> Acts <strong>of</strong> Parliament<br />

• Regulations <strong>and</strong> Bylaws<br />

• Reports <strong>of</strong> Select Committees<br />

• New Zeal<strong>and</strong> Parliamentary Debates<br />

• Judgements <strong>of</strong> any New Zeal<strong>and</strong> court or tribunal. Note: Head notes are protected by copyright <strong>and</strong><br />

may not be copied without permission<br />

• Reports <strong>of</strong> New Zeal<strong>and</strong> Royal Commissions, Commissions <strong>of</strong> Inquiry, Ministerial Inquiries or<br />

Statu<strong>to</strong>ry Inquiries.<br />

Note: This does not extend <strong>to</strong> legislation, judgements or reports from outside New Zeal<strong>and</strong>.<br />

e Copying permitted<br />

Under the Copyright Act the following works may be copied without infringing copyright:<br />

• abstracts <strong>of</strong> scientific or technical articles accompanying an article in a periodical indicating the<br />

contents <strong>of</strong> the article (section 71);<br />

• buildings <strong>and</strong> sculptures permanently on public display may be drawn, pho<strong>to</strong>graphed or filmed<br />

(section 73) — this does not extend <strong>to</strong> copying someone else’s graphic image, pho<strong>to</strong>graph or film <strong>of</strong> a<br />

sculpture or building on public display, as a separate copyright will exist in the graphic image, the<br />

pho<strong>to</strong>graph or film itself, which will belong <strong>to</strong> the artist, pho<strong>to</strong>grapher or filmmaker;<br />

• text or images relating <strong>to</strong> a medicine imported by the Crown <strong>and</strong> published overseas by the<br />

copyright owner (section 76). For example copying a pho<strong>to</strong>graph published overseas <strong>of</strong> a medicine<br />

imported by PHARMAC or a DHB would not breach copyright in the pho<strong>to</strong>graph.<br />

3.5 Collaboration<br />

If you are intending <strong>to</strong> include a video or a sound recording <strong>of</strong> a performance in your thesis there may<br />

be a number <strong>of</strong> different authors each <strong>of</strong> whom owns copyright in different aspects <strong>of</strong> the performance<br />

<strong>and</strong> the recording.<br />

Copyright law protects not only the work <strong>of</strong> the traditional authors <strong>of</strong> literary, musical or artistic works,<br />

but authors such as:<br />

• in the case <strong>of</strong> computer generated literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic works, the person who<br />

undertakes the necessary arrangements for the creation <strong>of</strong> the work;<br />

• in the case <strong>of</strong> a sound or video recording, the person who undertakes the necessary arrangements<br />

for the making <strong>of</strong> the recording <strong>and</strong> the person who undertakes the editing or the compiling <strong>of</strong><br />

recordings in<strong>to</strong> a final output;<br />

• in the case <strong>of</strong> a “communication work” (communication works are a “transmission <strong>of</strong> sounds, visual<br />

images, or other information” made available on the internet or a broadcast or cable programme),<br />

the person who makes the communication work;<br />

• performers, whether they be ac<strong>to</strong>rs, musicians, dancers or others who have deliberately contributed<br />

through their presence within the performance/exhibition or recording;<br />

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• costume <strong>and</strong> set designers, choreographers, dramaturgs or others who have deliberately<br />

contributed concepts <strong>and</strong> conceptual materials <strong>to</strong> the performance/exhibition or recording.<br />

If your thesis includes a film or a sound recording <strong>of</strong> a performance, you will need <strong>to</strong> have permission<br />

from each <strong>of</strong> the “authors” before the thesis is posted in ResearchSpace.<br />

Each <strong>of</strong> the “authors” will also retain copyright in their own performance <strong>and</strong> that copyright will be<br />

infringed by a person who, without the author’s consent, makes a recording <strong>of</strong> the whole or any<br />

substantial part <strong>of</strong> a performance <strong>and</strong> communicates that recording <strong>to</strong> the public. Posting your<br />

recording <strong>of</strong> a performance in ResearchSpace without the author’s consent will be a breach <strong>of</strong><br />

copyright. Specific contributions by individuals should be recorded in the Co-Production Form.<br />

3.6 Commissioning<br />

Under current New Zeal<strong>and</strong> law, you are the owner <strong>of</strong> copyright <strong>of</strong> any work you produce <strong>and</strong> can use<br />

that work as you wish, unless there is an agreement <strong>to</strong> the contrary where you commission <strong>and</strong> pay, or<br />

agree <strong>to</strong> pay for, the taking <strong>of</strong> a pho<strong>to</strong>graph or the making <strong>of</strong> a computer programme, painting,<br />

drawing, diagram, map, chart, plan, engraving, model, sculpture, film or sound recording <strong>and</strong> the work<br />

is made as a result <strong>of</strong> that commission. If you are commissioning someone <strong>to</strong> create a work for you, you<br />

must check any written agreement you are asked <strong>to</strong> sign <strong>to</strong> ensure that you retain copyright.<br />

Note that the commissioning rule does not apply <strong>to</strong> literary works or musical works, so if you have<br />

commissioned someone <strong>to</strong> produce music or text for inclusion in one <strong>of</strong> your works you will need <strong>to</strong><br />

ensure that copyright in the work is either assigned <strong>to</strong> you in writing or is licensed <strong>to</strong> you <strong>to</strong> enable you<br />

<strong>to</strong> include it in your thesis <strong>and</strong> post it in the <strong>University</strong>’s digital reposi<strong>to</strong>ry.<br />

If you are not paying for the work <strong>and</strong> the crea<strong>to</strong>r is gifting the work <strong>to</strong> you, then <strong>to</strong> be an effective<br />

assignment, the work will have <strong>to</strong> be assigned by way <strong>of</strong> a deed. This means the assignment must be<br />

signed <strong>and</strong> the signature must be witnessed. A nominal sum is generally sufficient consideration.<br />

In summary, where you are commissioning <strong>and</strong> paying another person <strong>to</strong> produce a work which will<br />

form part <strong>of</strong> your submitted thesis you will own the copyright in that work unless it is a musical work or a<br />

literary work. If you do not own copyright then you must ensure that you have a licence <strong>to</strong> use that work,<br />

or that the copyright in that work has either been assigned or licensed <strong>to</strong> you.<br />

3.7 Joint ownership<br />

A work <strong>of</strong> joint authorship will arise if you have collaborated with one or more persons <strong>to</strong> jointly create a<br />

work. For it <strong>to</strong> be a work <strong>of</strong> joint authorship, the contribution <strong>of</strong> each author is not distinct from the<br />

other authors.<br />

If the work is a work <strong>of</strong> joint authorship you will own the copyright in that work jointly with that person or<br />

persons. This means you cannot copy or publish that work without the written permission <strong>of</strong> your<br />

co-author(s).<br />

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3.8 Obtaining permission<br />

Obtaining permission <strong>to</strong> use a copyright work requires that you enter in<strong>to</strong> an agreement with the rights<br />

owner(s) <strong>of</strong> that work. This agreement must give you the right or licence <strong>to</strong> use the work.<br />

Getting permission requires you <strong>to</strong> undertake the following steps before your thesis or dissertation can<br />

be placed in ResearchSpace:<br />

1. determine that the work is protected by copyright;<br />

2. identify the rights owner(s);<br />

3. contact the owner(s) <strong>and</strong> negotiate whether payment is needed; <strong>and</strong><br />

4. get each permission in writing.<br />

If you are unsure whether you need <strong>to</strong> obtain written permission you will need <strong>to</strong> check with your<br />

supervisor or Head <strong>of</strong> Department. A draft letter which can be used for approaching copyright holders<br />

for permission is provided on page 14.<br />

If you have been unable <strong>to</strong> obtain permission <strong>to</strong> reproduce material, you may consider placing that<br />

material in a separate section <strong>of</strong> your thesis which can then be suppressed from public view or the whole<br />

text <strong>of</strong> the thesis can be suppressed. <strong>The</strong>se different access options can be selected on the online deposit<br />

form.<br />

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SAMPLE LETTER:<br />

Dear [insert name <strong>of</strong> owner or authorising person]<br />

I am a research student in the Department <strong>of</strong> [name] at <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong>. I am seeking<br />

permission <strong>to</strong> use the following copyright material in my [thesis/dissertation] entitled [title <strong>of</strong> thesis or<br />

dissertation] for the purposes <strong>of</strong> examination <strong>and</strong> subsequent deposit in <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong>’s<br />

publicly available digital reposi<strong>to</strong>ry, ResearchSpace:<br />

• [Insert description <strong>and</strong> source <strong>of</strong> material for which permission is sought].<br />

If you are happy <strong>to</strong> grant permission, please sign the authority at the bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> this letter <strong>and</strong> return a<br />

copy <strong>to</strong> me. You may also add specific instructions regarding the attribution statement that I will include<br />

in my [thesis/dissertation], <strong>and</strong> any additional terms <strong>and</strong> conditions that you require.<br />

If you wish <strong>to</strong> discuss the matter further, please contact me at [insert email address] or telephone [insert<br />

number].<br />

Thank you for your consideration <strong>of</strong> this request.<br />

Yours sincerely<br />

[Name]<br />

Permission<br />

I, as Copyright Owner (or the person with authority <strong>to</strong> sign on behalf <strong>of</strong> the Copyright Owner) <strong>of</strong> the<br />

material described above, grant permission for [name <strong>of</strong> student] <strong>to</strong> copy the material as requested for<br />

the stated purposes, with no further action required.<br />

Signed: ……………………………………….. Date: ………..…………..<br />

Attribution statement<br />

Please note any specific instructions you would like included in my acknowledgement <strong>of</strong> Copyright<br />

Ownership:<br />

Terms <strong>and</strong> conditions<br />

Please note any terms <strong>and</strong> conditions <strong>of</strong> the permission:<br />

14 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

3.9 Third party editing<br />

Many masters <strong>and</strong> doc<strong>to</strong>ral c<strong>and</strong>idates have their theses or dissertations reviewed by third parties,<br />

including pr<strong>of</strong>essional edi<strong>to</strong>rs. Such third parties must make no contribution <strong>to</strong> the intellectual content <strong>of</strong><br />

the thesis or dissertation, or be involved in rewriting text. <strong>The</strong>ir role is confined <strong>to</strong> advice on edi<strong>to</strong>rial<br />

changes, as specified in the document Third Party Editing <strong>and</strong> Pro<strong>of</strong>reading <strong>of</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong><br />

(www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/cs-pg-doc-theses-dissertations).<br />

It is the c<strong>and</strong>idate’s duty <strong>to</strong> convey the policy <strong>and</strong> guidelines <strong>to</strong> third parties (including any pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

edi<strong>to</strong>r) engaged in checking the final version <strong>of</strong> the thesis or dissertation. C<strong>and</strong>idates must acknowledge<br />

in their thesis or dissertation any contribution by a third party, in accordance with this document.<br />

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4 Style <strong>and</strong> Format<br />

<strong>The</strong> following are basic recommendations for setting up the text <strong>of</strong> your doc<strong>to</strong>ral thesis.<br />

Many <strong>of</strong> the recommendations on style <strong>and</strong> format are also relevant <strong>to</strong> masters theses,<br />

dissertations <strong>and</strong> other research work; however you must consult your own departmental<br />

guidelines because these may vary.<br />

4.1 Backing up your work<br />

<strong>The</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> backing up your work cannot be over-emphasised. Back up your computer files<br />

regularly, name the different versions <strong>of</strong> your documents appropriately, <strong>and</strong> keep these copies in a<br />

separate safe location. It is also a good idea <strong>to</strong> retain copies <strong>of</strong> collected data, notes, drafts <strong>and</strong> any<br />

other material that might be necessary <strong>to</strong> reconstruct your thesis in the event that something goes<br />

wrong.<br />

4.2 Pro<strong>of</strong>reading<br />

Careful pro<strong>of</strong>reading for grammar, punctuation, spelling <strong>and</strong> general consistency is essential. Do not rely<br />

on the spellchecker in your programme <strong>to</strong> pick up errors. It is also a good idea <strong>to</strong> have someone else<br />

read through your work <strong>to</strong> pick up any mistakes that you may have overlooked (see Section 3.9 on third<br />

party editing). A high st<strong>and</strong>ard <strong>of</strong> presentation is very important, so allow plenty <strong>of</strong> time for this before<br />

you submit your work. A practical guide <strong>to</strong> punctuation is Jenny Bux<strong>to</strong>n <strong>and</strong> Susan Carter, Punc rocks:<br />

Foundation s<strong>to</strong>nes for precise punctuation, Auckl<strong>and</strong>: Pearson Education New Zeal<strong>and</strong>, 2007.<br />

4.3 Language<br />

A doc<strong>to</strong>ral thesis is <strong>to</strong> be presented in English unless otherwise approved by the Board <strong>of</strong> Graduate<br />

Studies at the time <strong>of</strong> registration. C<strong>and</strong>idates wishing <strong>to</strong> present <strong>and</strong> defend a thesis in Māori must,<br />

before applying <strong>to</strong> the Head <strong>of</strong> Department <strong>to</strong> be registered, obtain the permission <strong>of</strong> the Pro Vice-<br />

Chancellor (Māori). For detailed regulations governing the language <strong>of</strong> doc<strong>to</strong>ral theses, refer <strong>to</strong> the<br />

Statute <strong>and</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>lines for the Degree <strong>of</strong> Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Philosophy (PhD), Clauses 4g(v), 4o <strong>and</strong> 8f<br />

(www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/cs-pg-doc-phd-statute).<br />

Applications <strong>to</strong> submit a masters thesis, honours dissertation, or other postgraduate research work in a<br />

language other than English or Māori must be made at the initial stage <strong>of</strong> enrolment, through the<br />

supervisor <strong>and</strong> Head <strong>of</strong> Department <strong>to</strong> the Board <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies.<br />

All applications will be considered on a case-by-case basis. Generally, an application will be granted only<br />

where the Board is satisfied that the field <strong>of</strong> study <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>pic make this essential, <strong>and</strong> that suitable<br />

examiners will be available for the examination. It is unlikely that permission would be granted merely on<br />

the grounds that a student’s first language is not English.<br />

4.4 Word length<br />

One <strong>of</strong> the skills <strong>of</strong> completing a thesis or dissertation is writing within the word length. This is one <strong>of</strong> the<br />

fac<strong>to</strong>rs that examiners consider as they mark your work. Examiners are reluctant <strong>to</strong> examine theses that<br />

exceed the maximum length, <strong>and</strong> are within their rights <strong>to</strong> refuse <strong>to</strong> examine those pages that exceed the<br />

agreed word limit. <strong>The</strong> word lengths stated below include appendices, footnotes <strong>and</strong> the reference list.<br />

16 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

PhD theses may not, without the prior permission <strong>of</strong> the Board <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies, exceed 100,000<br />

words in <strong>to</strong>tal, or 60,000 words in <strong>to</strong>tal when accompanied by a corpus <strong>of</strong> creative work by a c<strong>and</strong>idate<br />

enrolled in a creative arts or design discipline. <strong>The</strong> approximate number <strong>of</strong> words will vary considerably<br />

across disciplines, <strong>and</strong> according <strong>to</strong> the <strong>to</strong>pic <strong>and</strong> the other means <strong>of</strong> conveying thought such as charts,<br />

formulae etc. Your supervisor will be able <strong>to</strong> advise you on what would be expected normally. Where the<br />

core <strong>of</strong> the thesis comprises a series <strong>of</strong> published or unpublished research papers <strong>and</strong>/or case studies,<br />

the c<strong>and</strong>idate must be the lead or sole author <strong>of</strong> each paper or case study <strong>and</strong> have written the text,<br />

<strong>and</strong> must provide a contextual framework <strong>and</strong> concluding discussion that will normally amount <strong>to</strong><br />

20,000–30,000 words. <strong>The</strong> range <strong>and</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> this material shall generally correspond with the<br />

introduc<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>and</strong> concluding chapters <strong>of</strong> a thesis. <strong>The</strong> thesis must be presented in a consistent format,<br />

citation style <strong>and</strong> typeface.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>to</strong>tal length <strong>of</strong> a 120 point masters thesis is usually around 35,000–40,000 words including an<br />

abstract <strong>of</strong> 350 words. However it is important <strong>to</strong> check with your supervisor/departmental graduate<br />

adviser for individual departmental requirements, which may vary.<br />

Departmental guidelines on the length <strong>of</strong> dissertations also vary <strong>and</strong> it is essential that you consult your<br />

supervisor/departmental graduate adviser. As a general guide, a 30 point dissertation is around<br />

10,000–12,000 words, <strong>and</strong> a 60 point dissertation around 15,000–20,000 words in length.<br />

4.5 Page size<br />

<strong>The</strong> recommended page size is A4.<br />

4.6 Margins<br />

A binding margin <strong>of</strong> at least 19mm is required on the left for the spine, <strong>and</strong> at least 15mm margins on<br />

the three remaining sides. If printing double-sided, “mirror margins” must be used. All written <strong>and</strong><br />

illustrative material, including headers, footers, footnotes <strong>and</strong> page numbers, must fall within these<br />

margins <strong>to</strong> allow for trimming during binding.<br />

4.7 Typeface<br />

Clear, easily readable, st<strong>and</strong>ard True Type fonts in black should be used (these fonts are used on both<br />

screen <strong>and</strong> printer). <strong>The</strong> recommended font styles are 12 point Times New Roman or 10 point Arial.<br />

Footnotes may be <strong>of</strong> a smaller font size.<br />

4.8 Paragraphing <strong>and</strong> line spacing<br />

Paragraph <strong>and</strong> line spacing, as well as some other specific details, are usually a department-specific<br />

requirement. First line indent or flush left aligned first line are both acceptable. Line spacing should be<br />

no less than 1½ line space <strong>and</strong> no more than double line space, with the exception <strong>of</strong> longer quotations,<br />

footnotes, material in tables/figures <strong>and</strong> the bibliography/list <strong>of</strong> references (which may be single line<br />

spaced).<br />

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4.9 Quotations<br />

<strong>The</strong> format <strong>of</strong> quotations is usually a department-specific requirement. As a guide, in-text quotations <strong>of</strong><br />

three lines or longer should appear as separate paragraphs, indented 10mm from the left-h<strong>and</strong> margin<br />

throughout the passage with quote-marks omitted.<br />

4.10 Footnotes<br />

For those who are using footnotes, Arabic numerals are used consecutively throughout a chapter, <strong>and</strong><br />

should normally appear at the bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> the relevant page, keyed <strong>to</strong> the same number following the<br />

word or phrase in the text <strong>to</strong> which it refers. If a footnote is <strong>to</strong>o long for the relevant page, it may be<br />

continued on the following page preceding the footnotes for that page. If the number <strong>of</strong> footnotes is very<br />

large, numbers may be restarted with each chapter. <strong>The</strong> first reference <strong>to</strong> a work in a footnote should be<br />

given in full, but subsequent references may be abbreviated using “ibid.”, “op.cit.” <strong>and</strong> so on, as<br />

appropriate. This is dependent on the referencing style used <strong>and</strong> departmental requirements.<br />

4.11 Page order <strong>and</strong> pagination<br />

Page numbers should be located in a consistent position throughout the thesis (either bot<strong>to</strong>m right-h<strong>and</strong><br />

corner or centre is recommended). <strong>The</strong> recommended order <strong>of</strong> material in a thesis is as follows:<br />

Elements <strong>of</strong> a thesis Pagination<br />

a Library <strong>The</strong>sis Consent Form Not counted <strong>and</strong> not numbered<br />

b Title page Counted but not numbered<br />

c Abstract<br />

d Dedication (optional)<br />

e Preface <strong>and</strong>/or acknowledgements<br />

Numbered in Roman numerals<br />

f Table <strong>of</strong> contents<br />

g Lists <strong>of</strong> tables, figures, etc (optional)<br />

h Glossary (optional)<br />

i Co-Authorship <strong>and</strong>/or Co-Production forms<br />

(for PhD students)<br />

j Main text <strong>of</strong> thesis or dissertation<br />

k Appendices (optional)<br />

Numbered in Arabic numerals starting at 1<br />

l Bibliography/List <strong>of</strong> references<br />

18 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

4.12 Elements <strong>of</strong> a thesis or dissertation<br />

<strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> may take different forms:<br />

Monograph<br />

<strong>The</strong> thesis or dissertation may be written as a traditional monograph.<br />

You may include published or unpublished research papers <strong>and</strong>/or case studies within your thesis,<br />

provided that you are the lead or sole author <strong>of</strong> each paper or case study <strong>and</strong> wrote the text. If you are<br />

not the sole author <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong> the papers or case studies, a Co-Authorship Form must be completed.<br />

In the case <strong>of</strong> published or unpublished research papers <strong>and</strong>/or case studies that you have contributed<br />

<strong>to</strong> but are not the sole or lead author <strong>of</strong>, you may report in your thesis your contribution <strong>to</strong> the research<br />

with due reference <strong>to</strong> the original paper <strong>and</strong>/or case study. <strong>The</strong>se research papers <strong>and</strong>/or case studies<br />

should be listed in the bibliography <strong>and</strong> a Co-Authorship Form completed for each co-authored work<br />

referred <strong>to</strong>. <strong>The</strong> Co-Authorship Forms should then be included in each copy <strong>of</strong> the thesis.<br />

In both cases, the thesis must be presented in a consistent format, citation style <strong>and</strong> typeface.<br />

<strong>The</strong>sis with publications<br />

PhD c<strong>and</strong>idates registered under the 2011 Statute may choose <strong>to</strong> write a thesis with publications. In this<br />

form some <strong>of</strong> the chapters may be exact or partial reproductions <strong>of</strong> published or submitted papers.<br />

Where a thesis includes published or unpublished research papers <strong>and</strong>/or case studies, these must have<br />

been conducted under supervision for this degree; you must be the lead or sole author <strong>of</strong> each paper or<br />

case study <strong>and</strong> have written the text. <strong>The</strong> thesis must be presented in a consistent format, citation style<br />

<strong>and</strong> typeface.<br />

If the core <strong>of</strong> the thesis comprises submitted papers or work published during PhD enrolment, you must<br />

provide a contextual framework <strong>and</strong> concluding discussion that will normally amount <strong>to</strong> 20,000–30,000<br />

words. <strong>The</strong> range <strong>and</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> this material shall generally correspond with the introduc<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>and</strong><br />

concluding chapters <strong>of</strong> a thesis.<br />

When writing a thesis with publications that involves co-authorship c<strong>and</strong>idates must complete a<br />

Co-Authorship Form signed by all authors. <strong>The</strong>se are best completed as soon as the paper is submitted.<br />

An example <strong>of</strong> a Co-Authorship form is included on page 20 <strong>and</strong> can also be accessed at the following<br />

link: www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/cs-pg-doc<strong>to</strong>ral-forms.<br />

<strong>The</strong>sis with creative practice<br />

PhD c<strong>and</strong>idates registered under the 2011 Statute may apply <strong>to</strong> undertake a thesis with creative<br />

practice. If the application is successful, the final thesis may not exceed 60,000 words in <strong>to</strong>tal plus a<br />

corpus <strong>of</strong> creative work. <strong>The</strong> thesis should be accompanied by a Co-Production Form signed by all those<br />

involved in each creative practice aspect <strong>of</strong> the thesis. <strong>The</strong>se are best completed as soon as the work is<br />

produced. An example <strong>of</strong> a Co-Production Form is included on page 21 <strong>and</strong> can also be accessed at the<br />

following link: www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/cs-pg-doc<strong>to</strong>ral-forms.<br />

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20 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong><br />

Co-Authorship Form<br />

Graduate Centre<br />

ClockTower – East Wing<br />

Fax: +64 9 373 7610<br />

www.postgrad.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

This form is <strong>to</strong> accompany the submission <strong>of</strong> any PhD that contains research reported in published or<br />

unpublished co-authored work. Please include one copy <strong>of</strong> this form for each co-authored work.<br />

Completed forms should be included in all copies <strong>of</strong> your thesis submitted for examination <strong>and</strong> library<br />

deposit (including digital deposit), following your thesis Abstract.<br />

Please indicate the chapter/section/pages <strong>of</strong> this thesis that are extracted from a co-authored work <strong>and</strong> give the title<br />

<strong>and</strong> publication details or details <strong>of</strong> submission <strong>of</strong> the co-authored work.<br />

Nature <strong>of</strong> contribution<br />

by PhD c<strong>and</strong>idate<br />

Extent <strong>of</strong> contribution<br />

by PhD c<strong>and</strong>idate (%)<br />

CO-AUTHORS<br />

Name<br />

Certification by Co-Authors<br />

Nature<br />

<strong>of</strong><br />

Contribution<br />

<strong>The</strong> undersigned hereby certify that:<br />

� the above statement correctly reflects the nature <strong>and</strong> extent <strong>of</strong> the PhD c<strong>and</strong>idate’s contribution <strong>to</strong> this<br />

work, <strong>and</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> the contribution <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the co-authors; <strong>and</strong><br />

� in cases where the PhD c<strong>and</strong>idate was the lead author <strong>of</strong> the work that the c<strong>and</strong>idate wrote the text.<br />

Name Signature Date

Co-Production Form<br />

This form is <strong>to</strong> accompany the submission <strong>of</strong> any PhD that contains co-produced creative practice<br />

components. Please include one copy <strong>of</strong> this form for each part <strong>of</strong> this thesis that was coproduced.<br />

Forms should be included in all copies <strong>of</strong> your thesis submitted for examination <strong>and</strong> library<br />

Please indicate the creative practice component <strong>of</strong> this thesis that has involved co-production or creative<br />

collaboration <strong>and</strong> the title <strong>and</strong> public presentation details <strong>of</strong> the co-produced work.<br />

CO-PRODUCERS<br />

Name Nature<br />

contribution<br />

<strong>and</strong><br />

how<br />

it is expected <strong>to</strong> be attributed<br />

e.g. performed the choreography – attributed as “dancer”<br />

Certification by Co-Producers<br />

work, <strong>and</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> the contribution <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the co-producers<br />

Name Signature Date<br />

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a Library <strong>The</strong>sis Consent Form<br />

This is provided <strong>to</strong> protect your rights as the author. Consent forms can be obtained from the Library<br />

website at www.library.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/thesis, <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> website, or from the Graduate<br />

Centre.<br />

b Title page<br />

Your thesis title should be centred in the <strong>to</strong>p third <strong>of</strong> the title page, <strong>and</strong> should describe the content <strong>of</strong><br />

your thesis accurately <strong>and</strong> precisely. Your full name should be centred in the middle <strong>of</strong> the title page.<br />

Information regarding the degree, subject, university, <strong>and</strong> date is centred in the lower third <strong>of</strong> the page.<br />

<strong>The</strong> preferred form <strong>of</strong> wording is “A thesis submitted in [partial] fulfilment <strong>of</strong> the requirements for the<br />

degree <strong>of</strong> [name <strong>of</strong> your degree] in [subject area], <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong>, [year <strong>of</strong> completion]”.<br />

Where a degree consists only <strong>of</strong> a thesis (<strong>and</strong> no other coursework), the word ‘partial’ should be omitted.<br />

It is not usual <strong>to</strong> use the logo <strong>of</strong> the <strong>University</strong> on the title page <strong>of</strong> your thesis, as the thesis represents<br />

your own views which may not be the views <strong>of</strong> the <strong>University</strong>.<br />

An abstract is obliga<strong>to</strong>ry for a thesis <strong>and</strong> should follow the title page. <strong>The</strong> abstract should be a succinct<br />

summary (no more than 350 words) <strong>of</strong> the aim, methods, findings <strong>and</strong> conclusions <strong>of</strong> your research. Your<br />

department may have specific guidelines on writing an abstract.<br />

d Dedication<br />

This is optional.<br />

e Preface <strong>and</strong>/or acknowledgments<br />

<strong>The</strong> preface may set out briefly the scope <strong>and</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> the study, though the wording <strong>of</strong> the abstract<br />

may make this redundant. This section may include acknowledgments. However, if it is only<br />

acknowledgments, head the section as “Acknowledgments”. You should acknowledge people or<br />

institutions that have contributed <strong>to</strong> the content <strong>of</strong> your thesis. You must acknowledge third party edi<strong>to</strong>rs<br />

if you engage them in accordance with <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> document Third Party Editing <strong>and</strong><br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>reading <strong>of</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> (www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/cs-pg-doc-theses-dissertations).<br />

This should list chapter titles, normally in upper case, preceded by their numbers in Roman or Arabic<br />

numerals; any subheadings should be in lower case except as required for initial letters. It is<br />

recommended that no more than four levels <strong>of</strong> subheadings are included in the Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />

(chapter names are level 1 headings, subheadings <strong>of</strong> a chapter are level 2 headings, subheadings <strong>of</strong><br />

subheadings are level 3, etc). Subsections <strong>of</strong> chapters may be numbered with Arabic numerals, or with<br />

letters in either upper or lower case.<br />

If a thesis consists <strong>of</strong> more than one volume, the contents <strong>of</strong> the whole thesis should be shown in the first<br />

volume, <strong>and</strong> the contents <strong>of</strong> subsequent volumes in separate tables <strong>of</strong> contents in the relevant volumes.<br />

22 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

g Lists <strong>of</strong> tables, figures, etc<br />

This is optional. Lists <strong>of</strong> tables, figures, pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, maps <strong>and</strong> illustrations should be numbered in<br />

Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc). In each entry, the first letter <strong>of</strong> the first <strong>and</strong> all other significant words is<br />

capitalised.<br />

h Glossary<br />

This is optional. A glossary defines or explains specialised terms, symbols <strong>and</strong> abbreviations.<br />

Any abbreviations or glossary/symbols used should be separately listed in this section, the abbreviated<br />

form starting from the left-h<strong>and</strong> margin, with the full form <strong>to</strong> its right, e.g.<br />

AJHR Appendices <strong>to</strong> the Journals <strong>of</strong> the House <strong>of</strong> Representatives<br />

ATL Alex<strong>and</strong>er Turnbull Library, Welling<strong>to</strong>n<br />

NZPD New Zeal<strong>and</strong> Parliamentary Debates<br />

Any abbreviations used should conform <strong>to</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ards appropriate <strong>to</strong> the field or discipline <strong>of</strong> the thesis or<br />

dissertation; check with your supervisor or a librarian for the appropriate abbreviations in your<br />

discipline. Unless a particular title or name is cited repeatedly, it is preferable <strong>to</strong> use the full form rather<br />

than an abbreviation.<br />

i Co-Authorship/Co-Production Forms<br />

A Co-Authorship Form must accompany the submission <strong>of</strong> any PhD that contains co-authored work <strong>and</strong><br />

include the names <strong>of</strong> any co-authors, as well as the nature <strong>of</strong> their contribution. Each co-author is<br />

required <strong>to</strong> sign the Co-Authorship Form. <strong>The</strong> Co-Authorship Form is available at the following link: www.<br />

auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/cs-pg-doc<strong>to</strong>ral-forms.<br />

A Co-Production Form must accompany the submission <strong>of</strong> any PhD that contains co-produced<br />

creative practice components <strong>and</strong> include the names <strong>of</strong> any co-producers, as well as the nature <strong>of</strong><br />

the contribution <strong>and</strong> how it is expected <strong>to</strong> be attributed. Each co-producer is required <strong>to</strong> sign the<br />

Co-Production Form. <strong>The</strong> Co-Production Form is available at the following link:<br />

www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/cs-pg-doc<strong>to</strong>ral-forms.<br />

Signed consent should be obtained as early as possible in your PhD <strong>to</strong> ensure that the material can be<br />

used <strong>and</strong> while co-authors/co-producers are available. At the time <strong>of</strong> submission, the consent forms are<br />

required <strong>to</strong> be bound in<strong>to</strong> the s<strong>of</strong>tbound copies <strong>of</strong> the thesis for the examiner, as well as in<strong>to</strong> the final<br />

hardbound copies.<br />

<strong>The</strong> main text must be divided in<strong>to</strong> a logical scheme that is followed consistently throughout the work.<br />

Chapters with subsections are the most common form <strong>of</strong> division. Any logical system <strong>of</strong> subdivision<br />

within chapters or sections appropriate <strong>to</strong> the field or discipline may be used, but the scheme must be<br />

consistent throughout the manuscript.<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> | 23

k Appendices<br />

This is an optional section for any additional material that does not fit conveniently or appropriately in<br />

the body <strong>of</strong> the text. It is a good idea <strong>to</strong> include any confidential information required for the thesis in<strong>to</strong><br />

appendices where possible. Each appendix should be labelled in sequence, either with capital letters or<br />

with numerals.<br />

l Bibliography/list <strong>of</strong> references<br />

It is important that citations be consistent in style, though the system chosen will depend on your subject<br />

field <strong>and</strong> departmental requirements. Information on reference styles used at <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong><br />

can be found on Referen©ite, an academic referencing resource at http://www.cite.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/.<br />

Assistance with referencing <strong>and</strong> programmes for bibliographical references can be obtained from<br />

both the Library <strong>and</strong> the Centre for Academic Development — Tä te Äkonga (Student Learning)<br />

(see Section 2.4).<br />

While a bibliography may list unpublished material separately from published material, in some<br />

disciplines it may be a single alphabetical list. It is <strong>of</strong>ten used <strong>to</strong> include not only sources cited in the<br />

thesis itself, but all important/relevant works consulted during the research, <strong>and</strong> which the author thinks<br />

that readers might wish <strong>to</strong> go on <strong>to</strong> consult. If it is likely <strong>to</strong> prove more helpful, such a bibliography may<br />

be divided in<strong>to</strong> sections according <strong>to</strong> the type <strong>of</strong> material; primary sources preceding secondary,<br />

monographs preceding periodical articles, works by a particular author (if the subject <strong>of</strong> the thesis)<br />

followed by works about that author, <strong>and</strong> finally, studies relating <strong>to</strong> the <strong>to</strong>pic in general.<br />

A list <strong>of</strong> references should comprise a straight list <strong>of</strong> material cited in the text, arranged alphabetically<br />

by author.<br />

24 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

5 Binding<br />

<strong>The</strong> following are recommendations for the binding <strong>of</strong> masters <strong>and</strong> doc<strong>to</strong>ral theses. Refer<br />

<strong>to</strong> your department’s own guidelines for the binding <strong>of</strong> research portfolios, dissertations<br />

<strong>and</strong> other research work.<br />

5.1 Paper<br />

This must be <strong>of</strong> good quality, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a suitable texture <strong>and</strong> weight for printing. St<strong>and</strong>ard 80gsm A4<br />

printing/pho<strong>to</strong>copying paper is recommended. It is essential that all the contents <strong>of</strong> your thesis (text,<br />

pho<strong>to</strong>graphs, maps, charts, diagrams, etc) fit within an A4 frame. Larger material may be folded, or<br />

contained in folders.<br />

5.2 Images<br />

Illustrations <strong>and</strong> diagrams should be scanned <strong>and</strong> incorporated in<strong>to</strong> the electronic version <strong>of</strong> the<br />

document before printing wherever possible. If this is not possible, illustrations <strong>and</strong> diagrams should be<br />

produced on paper <strong>of</strong> a similar size <strong>and</strong> quality <strong>to</strong> the main text. When this is also not possible, they<br />

should be mounted on a heavier grade <strong>of</strong> paper than is used for the text <strong>to</strong> avoid wrinkling.<br />

IMPORTANT: If you are using a diagram, chart, graphic or image from another publication, please refer<br />

<strong>to</strong> Section 3.4 on third party copyright.<br />

5.3 Folded Maps or Charts<br />

<strong>The</strong>se should be folded in one direction only, concertina fashion, so that they conform <strong>to</strong> the accepted<br />

page size. <strong>The</strong> fold should be no closer than 13mm <strong>to</strong> the edge <strong>of</strong> the typed page, since all edges are<br />

cut during the binding process (it is essential <strong>to</strong> point out all folded material <strong>to</strong> the binder). Special<br />

material <strong>of</strong> this type may also be included either as appendices, or in folders contained within the<br />

volume. In such cases, c<strong>and</strong>idates should consult with their supervisor <strong>and</strong> their binder.<br />

5.4 Additional Material<br />

<strong>The</strong> submission <strong>of</strong> CD-ROMs or other forms <strong>of</strong> media supporting your thesis may be permitted. Check<br />

with your supervisor or the Graduate Centre.<br />

5.5 General Binding Requirements<br />

A complete set <strong>of</strong> pages for all copies, with the pages in correct order, must be supplied <strong>to</strong> the binder.<br />

<strong>The</strong> maximum size for binding as one volume is 7cm or approximately 600 sheets.<br />

For durability, the <strong>University</strong> Library prefers lumbecking in which the pages are bound with an adhesive,<br />

<strong>and</strong> not stapled. 8 Binding margins <strong>of</strong> 19mm on the left-h<strong>and</strong> side are generally sufficient for lumbecked<br />

work, but this may vary with the thickness <strong>of</strong> the thesis <strong>and</strong> the type <strong>of</strong> binding used. If in doubt, consult<br />

your binder. <strong>The</strong> <strong>to</strong>p, bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>and</strong> right side margins should be at least 15mm.<br />

8 Lumbecking is a durable binding system used for brochures, books <strong>and</strong> other printing materials. <strong>The</strong> process is named<br />

after the bookbinder Emil Lumbeck (1886-1979).<br />

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<strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> requires the author’s name <strong>and</strong> thesis title on the spine. It does not require a title or<br />

name on the front, although many students choose <strong>to</strong> include this. If the title needs <strong>to</strong> be abbreviated on<br />

the spine, give the binder instructions as <strong>to</strong> the exact wording required.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> Bindery rates may be obtained from the Bindery, the Serials Unit in the General Library,<br />

or from the Bindery’s website (www.library.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/about/genlib/bind.htm).<br />

Two <strong>to</strong> three working days are usually needed <strong>to</strong> bind a thesis, if the thesis is delivered <strong>to</strong> the <strong>University</strong><br />

Bindery. C<strong>and</strong>idates should check in advance with their binder <strong>to</strong> ensure that adequate time is<br />

allowed, particularly if it is very close <strong>to</strong> the final submission date.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> Bindery is located at 82 Mer<strong>to</strong>n Road, adjacent <strong>to</strong> the Tamaki Campus (phone 528 7829;<br />

hours 8am <strong>to</strong> 4pm Monday <strong>to</strong> Friday). Non-urgent theses may be left with the Serials Unit in the General<br />

Library between 8.30am-5pm, Monday <strong>to</strong> Friday. Allow 3-4 days for transport <strong>to</strong> <strong>and</strong> from the Bindery<br />

(i.e. a turnaround time <strong>of</strong> 5-7 days) or considerably longer in the run-up <strong>to</strong> graduation ceremonies when<br />

all binderies experience heavy dem<strong>and</strong>.<br />

5.6 Binding a Masters <strong>The</strong>sis<br />

All masters theses submitted for examination must be hardbound in full library buckram 9 with your<br />

name <strong>and</strong> the thesis title on the spine. Two copies are required <strong>to</strong> be submitted <strong>to</strong> the Graduate Centre<br />

for examination (please also check whether your department requires any additional copies).<br />

It is advisable <strong>to</strong> discuss with your binder any special requirements, particularly regarding overlays,<br />

binding material, <strong>and</strong> lettering.<br />

5.7 Binding a Doc<strong>to</strong>ral <strong>The</strong>sis<br />

a Initial submission<br />

All doc<strong>to</strong>ral c<strong>and</strong>idates are initially required <strong>to</strong> submit three copies <strong>of</strong> their thesis for examination in<br />

temporary binding. <strong>The</strong> preferred type <strong>of</strong> temporary binding is ‘limp bound’ (lumbecked, flexible cover,<br />

spine covered with binding cloth), but other temporary binding, such as spiral, may be acceptable. <strong>The</strong><br />

first page <strong>of</strong> these examination copies requires the following statement <strong>to</strong> the examiners:<br />

“This thesis is for examination purposes only <strong>and</strong> is confidential <strong>to</strong> the examination process”<br />

b Final submission<br />

On successful completion <strong>of</strong> the examination process, c<strong>and</strong>idates who first registered in a PhD<br />

programme on or after 1 January 2007 are required <strong>to</strong> deposit two hardbound copies <strong>of</strong> the thesis (in<br />

full library buckram) <strong>and</strong> one digital copy, corrected as may be required. Students who first registered in<br />

a PhD programme prior <strong>to</strong> 1 January 2007 are required <strong>to</strong> deposit three hardbound copies <strong>of</strong> the<br />

thesis (in full library buckram), or two hardbound copies <strong>and</strong> one digital copy <strong>of</strong> the thesis, corrected as<br />

may be required. Print copies are <strong>to</strong> be bound in accordance with Section 5.5.<br />

9 Buckram is a stiff cloth used <strong>to</strong> cover <strong>and</strong> protect books.<br />

26 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

<strong>The</strong> hardbound copies should be submitted <strong>to</strong> the Graduate Centre <strong>and</strong> the digital copy should be<br />

deposited in ResearchSpace using the online thesis deposit form found on<br />

https://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/.<br />

5.8 Binding <strong>Dissertations</strong>, Research Portfolios, etc<br />

Binding <strong>and</strong> presentation requirements for dissertations, research portfolios, <strong>and</strong> other research work<br />

are specified by individual departments. <strong>The</strong>se works are not normally deposited in the <strong>University</strong><br />

Library. Please consult with your supervisor or department as <strong>to</strong> the binding <strong>and</strong> presentation<br />

requirements in your discipline.<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> | 27

6 Digital copies <strong>and</strong><br />

ResearchSpace<br />

For information on how <strong>to</strong> format your digital copy see <strong>Guide</strong>lines for Formatting a Digital<br />

<strong>The</strong>sis at http://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/guidelines.pdf (<strong>and</strong> FAQs).<br />

ResearchSpace is an open access digital archive or institutional reposi<strong>to</strong>ry, managed<br />

by the Library, which promotes the research outputs <strong>of</strong> <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Doc<strong>to</strong>ral <strong>and</strong> masters theses are deposited here, <strong>and</strong> the full text or, in some cases,<br />

abstract only can be searched directly at http://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/. Doc<strong>to</strong>ral<br />

theses deposited in ResearchSpace can also be accessed via a link from the record<br />

in the catalogue, are indexed worldwide by search engines such as Google, <strong>and</strong> are<br />

available directly via a permanent URL. Masters theses are normally only accessible <strong>to</strong><br />

authenticated <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> users.<br />

Providing a digital copy <strong>of</strong> your thesis means that you can create a fully searchable <strong>and</strong><br />

potentially media rich digital document. Your doc<strong>to</strong>ral research receives international<br />

exposure which may be beneficial for your future career.<br />

28 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

7 Submission<br />

It is highly desirable that your supervisor(s) have seen the final copy <strong>of</strong> your thesis/<br />

dissertation prior <strong>to</strong> submission <strong>and</strong> agrees that you are ready <strong>to</strong> submit your work. 10<br />

Remember <strong>to</strong> allow sufficient time for your supervisor(s) <strong>to</strong> review the thesis/dissertation<br />

before your planned submission date.<br />

7.1 Masters <strong>The</strong>sis or Research Portfolio<br />

a Deadlines for submission <strong>of</strong> a masters thesis or research portfolio<br />

Please refer <strong>to</strong> <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Calendar for information regarding applicable submission dates.<br />

b Submitting a masters thesis<br />

Two hardbound copies (see Sections 5.5 <strong>and</strong> 5.6) <strong>of</strong> your thesis should be submitted by the due date <strong>to</strong><br />

the Graduate Centre, Building 119, ClockTower — East Wing, 22 Princes Street, City Campus. No<br />

appointment is necessary <strong>and</strong> the Graduate Centre is open 8.30am-5pm, Monday <strong>to</strong> Friday.<br />

You must have a signed Library <strong>The</strong>sis Consent Form bound in<strong>to</strong> each copy <strong>of</strong> your hardbound thesis.<br />

<strong>The</strong> form can be obtained from http://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/thesisconsent.pdf or<br />

the Graduate Centre. <strong>The</strong> thesis is then sent <strong>to</strong> the department for examination.<br />

At the same time as submitting the print copies <strong>of</strong> your thesis, you are required <strong>to</strong> deposit a digital copy<br />

<strong>of</strong> the thesis, using the online form found at https://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/. Digital theses should<br />

be converted <strong>to</strong> pdf if possible before deposit. Instructions for depositing your digital copy are located at<br />

https://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/depositmasters.pdf. Note that digital copies <strong>of</strong><br />

masters theses are normally only accessible <strong>to</strong> authenticated members <strong>of</strong> the university.<br />

On successful completion <strong>of</strong> the examination your supervisor is responsible, through the Head <strong>of</strong><br />

Department, for the deposit <strong>of</strong> the two print copies <strong>of</strong> your masters thesis with the <strong>University</strong> Library.<br />

<strong>The</strong> digital copy already deposited is not made accessible until the print copies have been deposited with<br />

the Library.<br />

c Submitting a research portfolio or dissertation<br />

<strong>The</strong>se should be submitted directly <strong>to</strong> the relevant departmental <strong>of</strong>fice for examination. Binding <strong>and</strong><br />

presentation requirements for research portfolios are specified by individual departments. Research<br />

portfolios are not normally deposited in the <strong>University</strong> Library.<br />

7.2 Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Philosophy <strong>and</strong> Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Education<br />

This is a brief outline <strong>of</strong> important information that PhD <strong>and</strong> EdD c<strong>and</strong>idates need <strong>to</strong> consider before<br />

submitting their thesis for examination. Specific regulation requirements for submission <strong>of</strong> a PhD thesis<br />

are set out in Clause 8 <strong>of</strong> the Statute <strong>and</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>lines for the Degree <strong>of</strong> Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Philosophy (PhD). EdD<br />

c<strong>and</strong>idates follow the same procedures as PhD c<strong>and</strong>idates for submission <strong>and</strong> examination.<br />

10 Doc<strong>to</strong>ral c<strong>and</strong>idates enrolled prior <strong>to</strong> 1 January 2011 <strong>and</strong> submitting their theses for examination within 48 months from<br />

their date <strong>of</strong> first registration must have the endorsement/approval <strong>of</strong> their supervisor in order <strong>to</strong> be eligible for a Doc<strong>to</strong>ral<br />

Completion Award.<br />

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a Make an appointment<br />

You should consult with your supervisor(s) about the most suitable time <strong>to</strong> submit your thesis <strong>and</strong> notify<br />

the Graduate Centre three months in advance. You will then need <strong>to</strong> make an appointment with a<br />

student adviser at the Graduate Centre <strong>to</strong> come in <strong>and</strong> submit your thesis. Make the appointment a few<br />

days prior <strong>to</strong> your actual submission date. Submission takes around twenty minutes, during which time<br />

procedural checks are completed <strong>and</strong> you’ll be advised about the examination process.<br />

b Copies for examination<br />

You are initially required <strong>to</strong> submit three hard copies <strong>of</strong> your thesis in temporary binding <strong>to</strong> the Graduate<br />

Centre. You may wish <strong>to</strong> consider providing your supervisor with a further copy <strong>of</strong> your thesis. You may<br />

also be asked <strong>to</strong> provide a digital copy, if one or more <strong>of</strong> your examiners have requested a digital copy<br />

for examination purposes.<br />

c Statu<strong>to</strong>ry declaration as <strong>to</strong> originality<br />

You must complete a Statu<strong>to</strong>ry Declaration form, witnessed by a Justice <strong>of</strong> the Peace, stating that this is<br />

your own work. This form is available from <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> website, or from the Graduate<br />

Centre, <strong>and</strong> must be submitted with your thesis.<br />

You will normally be permitted <strong>to</strong> submit additional material, such as a CD-ROM or DVD, provided that<br />

you acknowledge such material in the Statu<strong>to</strong>ry Declaration <strong>and</strong> that the declaration form is endorsed<br />

by your supervisor <strong>and</strong> Head <strong>of</strong> Department.<br />

Where your thesis contains jointly authored research papers, case studies or any other work or<br />

production published or unpublished, the Statu<strong>to</strong>ry Declaration should state the extent <strong>to</strong> which the<br />

jointly authored or produced material is your own work. To satisfy copyright laws, you must supply<br />

evidence that all co-authors or co-producers have approved the inclusion <strong>of</strong> joint work through the<br />

inclusion <strong>of</strong> Co-Authorship or Co-Production forms.<br />

d Hardbound copies<br />

On advice from the Graduate Centre <strong>of</strong> the successful completion <strong>of</strong> your oral examination, you must<br />

deposit either three hardbound copies <strong>of</strong> your thesis with the Graduate Centre, or two hardbound copies<br />

with the Graduate Centre <strong>and</strong> a digital copy <strong>to</strong> ResearchSpace before a conferment <strong>of</strong> degree form will<br />

be issued (see Section 5.7b). See http://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/ for instructions on the digital<br />

submission.<br />

<strong>The</strong> Graduate Centre sends one <strong>of</strong> the hardbound copies <strong>of</strong> your thesis <strong>to</strong> your Head <strong>of</strong> Department.<br />

You may wish <strong>to</strong> consider providing your supervisor with a final copy <strong>of</strong> your thesis.<br />

<strong>The</strong> final copies do not require the statement <strong>to</strong> the examiners <strong>to</strong> be included in them, but do require the<br />

inclusion <strong>of</strong> signed Co-Authorship or Co-Production forms.<br />

Make sure you have a signed Library <strong>The</strong>sis Consent Form bound in<strong>to</strong> each copy <strong>of</strong> your hardbound thesis.<br />

This form can be obtained from http://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/thesisconsent.pdf, or<br />

from the Graduate Centre.<br />

30 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

e Deposit <strong>of</strong> digital copy<br />

You will need <strong>to</strong> deposit a digital copy <strong>of</strong> your thesis using the online form found on:<br />

http://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/.<br />

Digital theses should be converted <strong>to</strong> pdf if possible before deposit. Full instructions, including<br />

information on alternative deposit options, are available at:<br />

http://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/submission.pdf.<br />

<strong>The</strong> thesis will be s<strong>to</strong>red in ResearchSpace. Note that ResearchSpace is an Open Access reposi<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>and</strong><br />

that generally material will be freely available <strong>to</strong> other researchers. If you are intending <strong>to</strong> publish<br />

your thesis as a book or article in a scholarly journal <strong>and</strong> have concerns about your material being<br />

accessible before publication, you can choose alternative access options during the deposit process,<br />

including Open Access, Access by Request, Restricted Access, or No Access/Embargo. Details may be<br />

found on the Library website at the following link:<br />

https://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/thesesfaqs.htm#thesesfaqs5. In the event you<br />

would like <strong>to</strong> request an embargo on your thesis, please see Section 8.2c for further information.<br />

Submission <strong>of</strong> the two hardbound copies <strong>and</strong> digital copy <strong>of</strong> the doc<strong>to</strong>ral thesis, must be accompanied<br />

by a Statu<strong>to</strong>ry Declaration form, witnessed by a Justice <strong>of</strong> the Peace, stating that the hardbound copies<br />

<strong>and</strong> the digital copy are the same. This form is available from <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> website, or<br />

from the Graduate Centre, <strong>and</strong> must be submitted with your thesis.<br />

7.3 Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Clinical Psychology<br />

<strong>The</strong> thesis requirements for the DClinPsy are the same as those for the Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Philosophy with the<br />

following exception. Three copies <strong>of</strong> the Portfolio <strong>of</strong> Clinical Research are submitted for examination, as<br />

separate items, with the three copies <strong>of</strong> the thesis in temporary binding. For further information,<br />

c<strong>and</strong>idates are advised <strong>to</strong> consult <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Calendar regulations, their supervisor, the<br />

Psychology graduate adviser or the Graduate Centre, email postgraduate@auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz, or telephone<br />

373 7599 ext 81321.<br />

7.4 Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Fine Arts, Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Music <strong>and</strong> Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Musical Arts<br />

DocFA, DMus <strong>and</strong> DMA c<strong>and</strong>idates have special submission requirements. C<strong>and</strong>idates are advised <strong>to</strong><br />

consult the <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Calendar regulations for the particular degree for which they are<br />

being examined. Further information can be obtained from your supervisor, departmental graduate<br />

adviser or the Graduate Centre, email postgraduate@auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz, or telephone 373 7599 ext 81321.<br />

7.5 Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Medicine<br />

<strong>The</strong> MD is a supervised degree based on research work which may be undertaken within or outside the<br />

<strong>University</strong>, <strong>and</strong> which in some cases may have commenced before enrolment for the degree. <strong>The</strong> thesis<br />

should describe a formal <strong>and</strong> systematic exposition <strong>of</strong> a coherent programme <strong>of</strong> advanced research<br />

work. <strong>The</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard required is the same as that for a PhD. C<strong>and</strong>idates should adhere <strong>to</strong> the submission<br />

procedures outlined for PhD c<strong>and</strong>idates. C<strong>and</strong>idates are advised <strong>to</strong> consult <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong><br />

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Calendar regulations on the Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Medicine (www.calendar.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz). Further information can<br />

be obtained from your supervisor, departmental graduate adviser, or the Graduate Centre (email<br />

postgraduate@auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz, or telephone 373 7599 ext 81321).<br />

7.6 Higher Degrees<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong>fers doc<strong>to</strong>rates in Literature (LittD), Science (DSc), Law (LLD), <strong>and</strong> Engineering (DEng). As<br />

at other universities, these are primarily designed for graduates <strong>of</strong> the <strong>University</strong> who have subsequently<br />

published original work that has, over a period <strong>of</strong> time, given them authoritative international st<strong>and</strong>ing<br />

in their field. Higher degrees are awarded rarely <strong>and</strong> only after rigorous examination <strong>of</strong> a substantial<br />

<strong>and</strong> significant body <strong>of</strong> material. C<strong>and</strong>idates are advised <strong>to</strong> consult <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Calendar<br />

regulations <strong>of</strong> the particular degree for which they are applying <strong>to</strong> be examined. For further information<br />

please email the Graduate Centre at postgraduate@auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz, or telephone 373 7599 ext 81321.<br />

32 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

8 Library Matters<br />

8.1 Deposit <strong>of</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> in the Library<br />

On successful completion <strong>of</strong> the examination <strong>of</strong> your thesis two copies will be deposited in the <strong>University</strong><br />

Library by the relevant department for masters students, <strong>and</strong> by the Graduate Centre for doc<strong>to</strong>ral<br />

c<strong>and</strong>idates. <strong>The</strong> first hardbound copy remains in the Library for reference purposes; the second copy (if<br />

hardbound) may be borrowed by members <strong>of</strong> the Library, or may be sent <strong>to</strong> other libraries on interlibrary<br />

loan. If the second copy is digital, then this will be freely accessible online unless you have<br />

requested restrictions on access.<br />

8.2 Author’s Rights<br />

a Reproduction<br />

As the author <strong>of</strong> your thesis you have a right <strong>to</strong> impose conditions restricting the reproduction <strong>of</strong> your<br />

work using the Library <strong>The</strong>sis Consent Form. Unless you specify otherwise, the <strong>University</strong> Librarian has<br />

the right <strong>to</strong> make <strong>and</strong> supply copies in terms <strong>of</strong> Section 56 <strong>of</strong> the Copyright Act 1994.<br />

b Copyright<br />

In general, matters <strong>of</strong> copyright are governed by the provisions <strong>of</strong> the Copyright Act 1994. Copyright <strong>of</strong><br />

your thesis normally belongs <strong>to</strong> you, as the author, though in some circumstances this may be varied.<br />

Refer <strong>to</strong>:<br />

• Intellectual Property Including Inventions <strong>and</strong> Patents, <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Calendar<br />

(www.calendar.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz)<br />

Third party copyright: If you have received permission <strong>to</strong> use third party copyright material (i.e. copyright<br />

material other than your own) you will need <strong>to</strong> have included copies <strong>of</strong> permissions when you deposit<br />

your digital copy.<br />

c Restrictions on access (embargoes)<br />

A thesis will normally be available for public consultation unless there are compelling reasons for<br />

restricting access <strong>to</strong> it. A period <strong>of</strong> embargo may apply <strong>to</strong> theses that contain material that is<br />

confidential or sensitive, but will normally be limited <strong>to</strong> a maximum <strong>of</strong> 2 years. Applications for<br />

embargoes are <strong>to</strong> be made through the Head <strong>of</strong> Department <strong>and</strong> Associate Dean (Postgraduate) <strong>to</strong> the<br />

Dean <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies using the <strong>The</strong>sis Embargo Form (http://www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/cs-pgdoc<strong>to</strong>ral-forms).<br />

For more information, refer <strong>to</strong> <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> Calendar. Neither digital nor<br />

hard copies will be accessible during the period <strong>of</strong> the embargo. Other access options for digital PhD<br />

theses may be requested as part <strong>of</strong> the deposit process (see Section 7.2e)<br />

8.3 Failed Works<br />

Where a thesis or dissertation has failed the examination, that thesis or dissertation is not deposited in<br />

the <strong>University</strong> Library. Note also that where a thesis or dissertation has passed, but all requirements for<br />

the degree have not been met, the thesis or dissertation is not deposited in the <strong>University</strong> Library.<br />

Masters theses which are failed in the examination will be removed from ResearchSpace.<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> | 33

9 Selected Bibliography<br />

<strong>The</strong> titles listed below are all held in the <strong>University</strong> Library; specific locations <strong>and</strong> call<br />

numbers are available on Library Search.<br />

For advice on succeeding with your thesis, these books are recommended:<br />

Evans, D. G. <strong>and</strong> Paul Gruba. How <strong>to</strong> write a better thesis. 2nd ed. Carl<strong>to</strong>n: Melbourne <strong>University</strong> Press,<br />

2002.<br />

Manalo, Emmanuel, <strong>and</strong> Julie Trafford. Thinking <strong>to</strong> thesis: a guide <strong>to</strong> graduate success at all levels.<br />

Auckl<strong>and</strong>: Pearson Longman, 2004.<br />

Rudestam, Kjell Erik, <strong>and</strong> Rae R. New<strong>to</strong>n. Surviving your dissertation: a comprehensive guide <strong>to</strong> content<br />

<strong>and</strong> process. 3rd ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2007.<br />

<strong>The</strong>se books will help you with style <strong>and</strong> formatting:<br />

Bux<strong>to</strong>n, Jenny, <strong>and</strong> Susan Carter. Punc rocks: Foundation s<strong>to</strong>nes for precise punctuation. Auckl<strong>and</strong>:<br />

Pearson Education New Zeal<strong>and</strong>, 2007.<br />

<strong>The</strong> Chicago manual <strong>of</strong> style. 16th ed. Chicago: <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Chicago Press, 2010.<br />

Publication manual <strong>of</strong> the American Psychological Association. 6th ed. Washing<strong>to</strong>n, DC: American<br />

Psychological Association, 2010.<br />

34 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

10 Useful Websites<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

School <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies www.postgrad.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

Information for current postgraduate students. Policies, guidelines<br />

<strong>and</strong> forms used by students <strong>and</strong> staff are found on this website, as<br />

well as contact details for School <strong>of</strong> Graduate Studies staff located at<br />

the Graduate Centre.<br />

Doc<strong>to</strong>ral Skills Programme http://cad.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/index.php?p=doc<strong>to</strong>ral<br />

Courses can be booked at:<br />

http://www.library.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/booking/doc<strong>to</strong>ral/index.asp<br />

IT Services <strong>and</strong> Resources http://www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/uoa/home/for/current-students/<br />

cs-student-it-essentials<br />

This site provides information <strong>and</strong> access <strong>to</strong> the range <strong>of</strong> student<br />

information technology services <strong>and</strong> support at the <strong>University</strong>.<br />

<strong>The</strong> Centre for Academic<br />

Development — Tā te<br />

Ākonga (Student Learning)<br />

www.cad.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/index.php?p=slc<br />

This interactive online centre provides downloadable resources,<br />

workshop listings <strong>and</strong> registration, tips, useful links <strong>and</strong> more.<br />

Library www.library.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

<strong>The</strong> Library homepage provides access <strong>to</strong> the <strong>University</strong> Library’s<br />

electronic resources including Library Search, databases, <strong>and</strong><br />

information about services, including the very useful page Tu<strong>to</strong>rials<br />

& <strong>Guide</strong>s at<br />

http://www.library.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/instruct/.<br />

Referen©ite www.cite.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

Referen©ite is an academic referencing resource which guides<br />

students through the reference styles used at <strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

Auckl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

ResearchSpace http://researchspace.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

Home page for ResearchSpace, the digital reposi<strong>to</strong>ry or archive for<br />

<strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> Auckl<strong>and</strong> digital theses <strong>and</strong> research materials.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>University</strong> Bindery www.library.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz/about/genlib/bind.htm<br />

Contact details, bindery services, prices <strong>and</strong> more.<br />

<strong>University</strong> Calendar www.calendar.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> | 35

<strong>The</strong>sis Submission Checklist for Students<br />

Have you advised the Graduate Centre 3 months in advance that you will be submitting your<br />

doc<strong>to</strong>ral thesis?<br />

Have you provided a final draft for your supervisor’s feedback?<br />

Have you received your supervisor’s feedback?<br />

Have you included an abstract <strong>of</strong> not more than 350 words?<br />

Is the word length <strong>of</strong> your thesis within the allowable limit?<br />

Have you pro<strong>of</strong>read your thesis carefully for spelling <strong>and</strong> typographical errors (<strong>and</strong> ideally had<br />

someone else pro<strong>of</strong>read it for you)?<br />

Have you checked that the presentation <strong>of</strong> your thesis meets departmental or <strong>University</strong> style <strong>and</strong><br />

format guidelines? (See Section 4)<br />

Is your referencing system appropriate for your discipline? (See Section 4.12l)<br />

Are the page numbers in sequence? (See Section 4.11)<br />

Have you backed up the final version <strong>of</strong> your thesis?<br />

Have you left at least three working days for binding (or up <strong>to</strong> 7 days allowing for transport <strong>to</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

from the Bindery)? (See Section 5.5)<br />

Is there a signed Library <strong>The</strong>sis Consent Form included with the copies for binding (masters theses<br />

<strong>and</strong> doc<strong>to</strong>ral final submissions)? (See Section 4.12a)<br />

Have you read through the binding requirements? (See Section 5)<br />

Is your title page set out correctly? (See Section 4.12b)<br />

Is any additional material such as maps or CDs adequately affixed <strong>to</strong> the thesis?<br />

Is your name <strong>and</strong> thesis title printed on the spine? (See Section 5.5)<br />

Masters <strong>The</strong>sis<br />

Are you submitting your thesis <strong>to</strong> the Graduate Centre by the due date? (See Section 7.1)<br />

Doc<strong>to</strong>ral <strong>The</strong>sis<br />

Have you arranged an appointment with a Student Adviser at the Graduate Centre <strong>to</strong> submit your<br />

thesis? (See Section 7.2a)<br />

Are you submitting three temporary bound copies <strong>of</strong> your thesis with the statement <strong>to</strong> examiners<br />

on the first page? (See Section 5.7)<br />

Have you bound the Co-Authorship/Co-Production Forms (where applicable) in<strong>to</strong> your thesis?<br />

Have you completed a Statu<strong>to</strong>ry Declaration as <strong>to</strong> originality, witnessed by a JP? (See Section 7.2c)<br />

If you are submitting a digital copy, have you completed a Statu<strong>to</strong>ry Declaration witnessed by a JP<br />

stating that the hardbound copies <strong>and</strong> the digital copy are the same? (See Section 7.2e).<br />

36 | <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

Checklist for Supervisors/Heads <strong>of</strong> Department<br />

Before Submission<br />

Advise the student on deadlines for submission or make arrangements for an extension, if<br />

appropriate.<br />

Advise the student on the correct referencing/bibliography style <strong>and</strong> format conforming <strong>to</strong><br />

<strong>University</strong> guidelines.<br />

Ask if the student has performed all necessary checks, including word length, before submitting<br />

the final draft for printing.<br />

Nomination <strong>of</strong> Examiners<br />

Organise the nomination <strong>of</strong> examiners <strong>and</strong> assessors well in advance <strong>of</strong> the submission deadline.<br />

Obtain Head <strong>of</strong> Department <strong>and</strong> faculty approval.<br />

Ensure that the appointment <strong>of</strong> examiners <strong>and</strong> assessors meets the <strong>University</strong> guidelines. Please<br />

refer <strong>to</strong> the current Instructions <strong>to</strong> Examiners <strong>and</strong> Assessors H<strong>and</strong>book, which is available from the<br />

Examinations Office, ClockTower Building. When nominating examiners for doc<strong>to</strong>ral c<strong>and</strong>idates,<br />

the Statute <strong>and</strong> <strong>Guide</strong>lines for the Degree <strong>of</strong> Doc<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Philosophy (PhD) should be consulted.<br />

<strong>The</strong>sis Examination<br />

For masters theses, ensure the grades are submitted <strong>to</strong> the Graduate Centre on a GC-512 form,<br />

via the Associate Dean (Postgraduate) <strong>of</strong> the faculty, once the thesis has been marked.<br />

Library Deposit<br />

Upon completion <strong>of</strong> a masters thesis examination, the supervisor is responsible, through the Head<br />

<strong>of</strong> Department, for the deposit <strong>of</strong> two copies with the <strong>University</strong> Library.<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong> | 37

www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz<br />

Phone: +64 9 373 7599 ext 86899<br />

Website: www.auckl<strong>and</strong>.ac.nz

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<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong><strong>The</strong>ses</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Dissertations</strong>

  • Page 2 and 3: Guide to Theses and Dissertations T
  • Page 4 and 5: h Glossary ........................
  • Page 6 and 7: 2 Where can I get help? If you requ
  • Page 8 and 9: 3 Integrity in Research 3.1 Applyin
  • Page 10 and 11: 4. use clearly falls under one of t
  • Page 12 and 13: d No copyright Under section 27 of
  • Page 14 and 15: 3.8 Obtaining permission Obtaining
  • Page 16 and 17: 3.9 Third party editing Many master
  • Page 18 and 19: PhD theses may not, without the pri
  • Page 20 and 21: 4.12 Elements of a thesis or disser
  • Page 22 and 23: Co-Production Form Graduate Centre
  • Page 24 and 25: g Lists of tables, figures, etc Thi
  • Page 26 and 27: 5 Binding The following are recomme
  • Page 28 and 29: The hardbound copies should be subm
  • Page 30 and 31: 7 Submission It is highly desirable
  • Page 32 and 33: e Deposit of digital copy You will
  • Page 34 and 35: 8 Library Matters 8.1 Deposit of Th
  • Page 36 and 37: 10 Useful Websites The University o
  • Page 38 and 39: Checklist for Supervisors/Heads of

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Guidelines for the submission of ll.m. dissertations - class 2022-2023.

LL.M. theses must be submitted via email to your supervisor and the two members of your thesis committee , to [email protected] (& cc' [email protected]) by October 31st 2023. You should clearly state the title of the thesis followed by the text: 'Please accept my LL.M. dissertation (Παρακαλώ να κάνετε δεκτή τη διπλωματική μου εργασία)'.

All students are also kindly requested to sign and forward the attached " Declaration of non-infringement of copyright ". 

Upon successful defence of the dissertation, students must submit an electronic copy to the University's depository (PERGAMOS).  A step-by-step guide to submitting a dissertation electronically and a list of useful documents for the standard format of thesis can be found in the following link:  http://www-en.lib.uoa.gr/libraries/law.html

The word limit is dependent on the Supervisor's instructions.

ΑΝΑΚΟΙΝΩΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΚΔΗΛΩΣΕΙΣ:

Find Theses and Dissertations

  • Find AUT theses/dissertations
  • Find other theses/dissertations

Help with writing

Copyright matters, research blogs and websites.

  • Your thesis and copyright workshop

Research methods and literature reviews

  • Find books and articles for research methods/methodologies from the Library Search .
  • The  Sage Research Methods  database provides a collection of books, journals, videos and case studies that focuses on research methods. The tools and literature in this database will help you plan your research project, identify methods or methodologies for your research, collect/analyse data sets, and write your research.
  • Writing guides provided by Learning Advisors are available   on the  Library website  >   For PGs.
  • Learn how to conduct a systematic review from the  Systematic review guide .

Further help:

  • Get writing advise from a Learning Advisor by making an  appointment  online.
  • Contact your  liaison librarian  or book an appointment for any assistance on finding research resources.

Academic phrasebank

The  Academic phrasebank (University of Manchester)  is a general resource for academic writers. It aims to provide you with examples of some of the phraseological ‘nuts and bolts’ of writing organised according to the main sections of a research paper.

A good tool for writing technical and scientific documents. Find more details in our  LaTeX guide .

Overleaf  provides LaTeX templates for academic writing including thesis templates.

Format of a thesis

Consult the AUT  Postgraduate Handbook  (access via Student Hub Online) for requirements relating to the formatting and presentation of your thesis or dissertation.

Referencing and referencing software

  • You should use a referencing style, e.g. APA, agreed with your supervisor or Faculty, to cite references in your thesis/dissertation.
  • A referencing software will help you organise your references and cite sources. Find our  online guides for more details.

Proofreading

Read  Proofreading Guidelines  and contact your faculty administrator for an updated list of proofreaders.

You are required to upload a copy of your thesis, dissertation and exegesis to Turnitin prior to the submission of the final examination. Turnitin is an originality checking tool for preventing improper citation and potential plagiarism.

  • Learn more about Turnitin  from the Library website
  • Postgraduate research students should access Turnitin via  Blackboard >   PG_Me

Third party copyright

  • Any copyright material created by someone other than yourself.

Reproducing tables, figures and images in your thesis, dissertation or exegesis

Remember that your thesis/dissertation/exegesis will be published online on the Tuwhera Open Research Repository. If you are going to reproduce any copyright material from books, journals, Library databases or websites in your thesis/dissertation/exegesis, you should  obtain permission from the copyright owners. 

  • This applies especially to the reproduction of the following resources: artistic works, drawings, photographs, diagrams, tables, charts, maps and other images. 
  • If you compile information from multiple sources into a single figure, you will need to include multiple permission statements, one for each source.
  • If the copyright status of a source is not clear, contact the author or the publisher for more information. 
  • If the copyright holder is not the original author, you should give credit to both the original author and the copyright holder.

Notes: You should start getting permission during your writing process. Do not leave this to the latest stage of your writing as requesting permission from copyright owners may take months. 

When permission has been granted, you should include “Reprinted with permission" in the note or caption under the table or images. 

  •  Find a sample permission request letter from the  Copyright at AUT  page.
  • Our Referencing style guides  provide referencing examples on how to cite tables, figures and images.

Thesislink - AUT's blog for postgraduate research students, provides you with information, stories/experiences, commentaries and suggestions to inform your research.

Research Whisperer -  a blog dedicated to the topic of doing research in academia: finding funding, research culture, and building academic track-records.

Thesis Whisperer - a  blog newspaper dedicated to the topic of doing a thesis and is edited by Dr Inger Mewburn, Director of research training at the Australian National University.

Early career researchers - an Elsevier blog.

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  • URL: https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/theses

Graduation Theses

Undergraduate School and Graduate School

For students to work on graduation theses, they must satisfy specific, and follow due procedures for acquisition of the academic credits for this course.

(1) Assignment to Graduation Thesis (GT) Supervisors

Students will be assigned to GT supervisors during their third year. After graduation research theme presentations by faculty members, students will have interviews, etc. with their preferred faculty members and be assigned to their supervisors. It is important for students to be aware of what they would like to pursue from their first year and to deepen relationships with many faculty members. In the case of a supervisor from a department other than the three academic divisions of "Computer Science," "Computer Engineering" and "Information Systems" (except for those who have been officially recognized as qualified for being in charge of Graduate School courses), also choose a sub-supervisor from one of those three academic divisions.

(2) Number of Students Assigned to a Graduation Thesis Supervisor

Since supervision of graduation theses is based on individualized instruction, the maximum number of students for supervision shall be, in principle, four per supervisor. This includes early assignment to a GT supervisor. (For details of early assignment, please refer to "20 the University of Aizu Honors Program.")

(3) Requirements for Assignment to Graduation Thesis Supervisors

Students are required to satisfy the following requirement for assignment to their graduation thesis supervisors, in principle. Enrollment at the Undergraduate Program for at least two years

(4) Requirements for Starting Graduation Theses

Students, upon proceeding to the 4 th year, start working on their graduation theses. Requirements for starting graduation theses are as follows:

a. Enrollment at the Undergraduate Program for at least three years. (Excluding "advanced standing admission (= transfer)" students)

b. Assignment to graduation thesis supervisors

c. At least 100 academic credits for courses other than optional courses

If you have not yet fulfilled these prerequisites, you cannot start a graduation thesis, and your graduation will be postponed. However, depending on their academic performance in the 1st semester of the 4th year, there are cases where students are allowed to start graduation theses in October. But please note that those students must be engaged in GT work for 1 year.

If recognized as excellent based on "The University of Aizu Regulation Concerning Early Graduation," students may start their graduation theses in the second semester of their 3 rd year. (For details regarding early graduation, please refer to "8. Requirements for Graduation from the University .")

(5) Supervision of Graduation Theses

3rd-year students will be provided with advice regarding their field registration under supervision of their GT supervisors, take relevant courses systematically and develop their theme of graduation thesis. They may be allowed to join seminars and other activities for 4th-year students.

Proceeding to the 4th year, students who have fulfilled the afore-mentioned GT requirements exert full-fledged efforts to their GT. Most seminars and meetings, etc. are held on a periodic basis, and interim presentations to report GT progress are held by each laboratory in autumn. Based on results of the GT progress survey in October, the Academic Affairs Committee will provide instructions to students who have not yet achieved desirable progress on their graduation theses.

(6) Changing Graduation Thesis Supervisors

Changing GT supervisors halfway requires an official request to the Student Affairs Division, along with the designated form. This request, by way of deliberation by the Academic Affairs Committee, will be approved if a new supervisor has vacancy to accept more students and if both current and new supervisors agree on the change. The course, "Graduation Theses," is a course in which students work on GT while receiving supervision from the same GT supervisors for one year, in principle. IF students change their supervisors, it will take one year for students to complete graduation theses from the date of change of their supervisors. Please pay extra attention to the timing of changing GT supervisors.

(7) Graduation Thesis Completion Schedule

(8) mid-term presentation of graduation thesis.

Students shall present a poster as a Mid-term Presentation of Graduation Thesis. The mid-term presentation evaluation is included as part of a final score of a GT. The evaluation considers the following items:

  • English ability
  • Overall Grade

(9) Graduation Thesis Presentations

Students shall present their graduation theses on a public occasion. Presentations of graduation theses are included in the evaluation procedures. About 20 minutes is allotted per student. (10 minutes: presentation, 9 minutes: Q&A session, 1 minute: preparation) Presentations shall be conducted in English, in principle. Detailed schedule regarding presentations will be notified at a later date.

(10) Evaluation of Graduation Theses

Graduation theses shall be reviewed by a total of two reviewers: the relevant supervisor and one referee. The weight of their relative scores shall be 2:1. Following a comprehensive evaluation taking the following items into consideration, a final score including the mid-term presentation evaluation shall be given.

  • The level of challenge of the graduation thesis theme
  • Quality of the thesis written in English, which serves as the official record of the GT, in terms of its content and expressions
  • Student's attitude and persuasiveness during the presentation
  • Precision of responses to questions
  • Student' s enthusiasm and stability while they have been working on the graduation thesis

(11) Submission of Completed Theses

Your graduation thesis must be within 4 to 8 pages of A4 sheets. It is regarded as appropriate that papers in the field of science and engineering should be briefly compiled in the volume of four to six pages like this. Please follow the guidelines indicated in the following URL: https://web-int.u-aizu.ac.jp/official/students/sad/stsa14_j.html (Japanese text only) Printed theses are kept in the University Library, and electronic versions are stored in the particular directory, so that graduation theses can be read at any time.

Related Links

For inquiries regarding the contents of this page..

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